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authorPierre Labastie <pieere@linuxfromscratch.org>2020-05-03 21:02:51 +0000
committerPierre Labastie <pieere@linuxfromscratch.org>2020-05-03 21:02:51 +0000
commitefcb3933433838b71f3a4a53ec1ac6d899aaec0b (patch)
treef0b1fb24d5ac7ebb93cc2deddefbc16938ea49d0 /chapter06/kernfs.xml
parent9d719e24c33f9a2ecf8a5582cd811c43a8fa46c2 (diff)
Make the new book
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/cross-chap5@11831 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
- <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
- %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-kernfs">
- <?dbhtml filename="kernfs.html"?>
-
- <title>Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
-
- <indexterm zone="ch-system-kernfs">
- <primary sortas="e-/dev/">/dev/*</primary>
- </indexterm>
-
- <para>Various file systems exported by the kernel are used to communicate to
- and from the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual in that no disk
- space is used for them. The content of the file systems resides in
- memory.</para>
-
- <para>Begin by creating directories onto which the file systems will be
- mounted:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput></screen>
-
- <sect2>
- <title>Creating Initial Device Nodes</title>
-
- <para>When the kernel boots the system, it requires the presence of a few
- device nodes, in particular the <filename
- class="devicefile">console</filename> and <filename
- class="devicefile">null</filename> devices. The device nodes must be created
- on the hard disk so that they are available before <command>udevd</command>
- has been started, and additionally when Linux is started with
- <parameter>init=/bin/bash</parameter>. Create the devices by running the
- following commands:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
-mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput></screen>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="ch-system-bindmount">
- <title>Mounting and Populating /dev</title>
-
- <para>The recommended method of populating the <filename
- class="directory">/dev</filename> directory with devices is to mount a
- virtual filesystem (such as <systemitem
- class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename
- class="directory">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be
- created dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or
- accessed. Device creation is generally done during the boot process
- by Udev. Since this new system does not yet have Udev and has not yet
- been booted, it is necessary to mount and populate <filename
- class="directory">/dev</filename> manually. This is accomplished by bind
- mounting the host system's <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>
- directory. A bind mount is a special type of mount that allows you to
- create a mirror of a directory or mount point to some other location. Use
- the following command to achieve this:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput></screen>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="ch-system-kernfsmount">
- <title>Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems</title>
-
- <para>Now mount the remaining virtual kernel filesystems:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
-mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
-mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
-mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput></screen>
-
- <variablelist>
- <title>The meaning of the mount options for devpts:</title>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>gid=5</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes are owned by
- group ID 5. This is the ID we will use later on for the <systemitem
- class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group. We use the group ID instead
- of a name, since the host system might use a different ID for its
- <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>mode=0620</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes have mode 0620
- (user readable and writable, group writable). Together with the
- option above, this ensures that devpts will create device nodes that
- meet the requirements of grantpt(), meaning the Glibc
- <command>pt_chown</command> helper binary (which is not installed by
- default) is not necessary.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a
- symbolic link to <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>.
- The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a
- directory needs to be created.</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
- mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
-fi</userinput></screen>
-
- </sect2>
-
-</sect1>