diff options
author | Archaic <archaic@linuxfromscratch.org> | 2005-12-26 19:46:12 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Archaic <archaic@linuxfromscratch.org> | 2005-12-26 19:46:12 +0000 |
commit | 94aa662138576c22deef1642b3b2b302ad075a82 (patch) | |
tree | 38766a292ed556718529449133b71b25138df9b8 /chapter06 | |
parent | 5536f7440f2f4a12782e8d741cbbba5f1c3cfea8 (diff) |
Reverting UTF-8 changes until everything is in place.
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@7236 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06')
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/chapter06.xml | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/coreutils.xml | 20 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/diffutils.xml | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/gawk.xml | 16 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/gdbm.xml | 73 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/glibc.xml | 45 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/grep.xml | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/groff.xml | 21 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/kbd.xml | 19 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/man-db.xml | 268 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/man.xml | 180 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/ncurses.xml | 94 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/readline.xml | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/sysklogd.xml | 6 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/sysvinit.xml | 23 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/texinfo.xml | 8 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/udev.xml | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter06/vim.xml | 14 |
18 files changed, 237 insertions, 574 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/chapter06.xml b/chapter06/chapter06.xml index 6c5b872ae..82d457cbb 100644 --- a/chapter06/chapter06.xml +++ b/chapter06/chapter06.xml @@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="m4.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bison.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="less.xml"/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gdbm.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="groff.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sed.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="flex.xml"/> @@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="grub.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gzip.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="hotplug.xml"/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man-db.xml"/> +<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="make.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="module-init-tools.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="patch.xml"/> diff --git a/chapter06/coreutils.xml b/chapter06/coreutils.xml index 5c3980f2f..8b06c567b 100644 --- a/chapter06/coreutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/coreutils.xml @@ -41,26 +41,6 @@ other packages later:</para> <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen> -<para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character -boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch -fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen> - -<para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for -the test file have to be changed:</para> - -<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen> - -<note><para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting -new bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible -without this patch.</para></note> - -<para>It has been found that translated messages sometimes overflow a buffer -in the <command>who -Hu</command> command. Increase the buffer size:</para> - -<screen><userinput>sed -i 's,_LEN 6,_LEN 20,' src/who.c</userinput></screen> - <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen> diff --git a/chapter06/diffutils.xml b/chapter06/diffutils.xml index 016e9f7e0..ade0ece11 100644 --- a/chapter06/diffutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/diffutils.xml @@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Diffutils</title> -<para>POSIX requires that the <command>diff</command> command treats whitespace -characters according to the current locale. The following patch fixes the -non-complinace issue:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&diffutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen> - <para>Prepare Diffutils for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen> diff --git a/chapter06/gawk.xml b/chapter06/gawk.xml index d25196e41..41df7f965 100644 --- a/chapter06/gawk.xml +++ b/chapter06/gawk.xml @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Gawk</title> -<para>Under some circumstances, Gawk-&gawk-version; attempts to free a chunk -of memory that was not allocated. This bug is fixed by the following patch:</para> +<para>Patch Gawk to fix a bug which causes it to segfault when invoked on a +non-existent file:</para> <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gawk-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen> @@ -37,15 +37,11 @@ of memory that was not allocated. This bug is fixed by the following patch:</par <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen> -<para>Due to a bug in the <command>./configure</command> script, Gawk fails -to detect certain aspects of locale support in glibc. This -bug leads to, e.g., Gettext testsuite failures. Work around this issue -by appending the missing macro definitions to <filename>config.h</filename>:</para> +<para>The configure script doesn't detect some functionality correctly. The +following commands correct this problem:</para> -<screen><userinput>cat >>config.h <<"EOF" -<literal>#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1 -#define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1</literal> -EOF</userinput></screen> +<screen><userinput>echo "#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1" >> config.h +echo "#define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1" >> config.h</userinput></screen> <para>Compile the package:</para> diff --git a/chapter06/gdbm.xml b/chapter06/gdbm.xml deleted file mode 100644 index a2eee4fac..000000000 --- a/chapter06/gdbm.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ - <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> - %general-entities; -]> -<sect1 id="ch-system-gdbm" role="wrap"> -<title>GDBM-&gdbm-version;</title> -<?dbhtml filename="gdbm.html"?> - -<indexterm zone="ch-system-gdbm"><primary sortas="a-Gdbm">GDBM</primary></indexterm> - -<sect2 role="package"><title/> -<para>The GDBM package contains the GNU Database Manager.</para> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> -<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>0.08 SBU</seg><seg>2.75 MB</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>Not checked yet.</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> -</sect2> - -<sect2 role="installation"> -<title>Installation of GDBM</title> - -<para>Prepare GDBM for compilation:</para> - -<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen> - -<para>Compile the package:</para> - -<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> - -<para>Install the package:</para> - -<screen><userinput>make BINOWN=root BINGRP=root install install-compat</userinput></screen> - -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="contents-gDBM" role="content"><title>Contents of GDBM</title> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>libgdbm.[so,a] and libgdbm_compat.[so,a]</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> -<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> -<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> - -<varlistentry id="libgdbm"> -<term>libgdbm.[so,a]</term> -<listitem> -<para>contains functions to manipulate a hashed database.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="libgdbm-compat"> -<term>libgdbm_compat.[so,a]</term> -<listitem> -<para>provide compatibility with older dbm routines</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -</sect2> - -</sect1> diff --git a/chapter06/glibc.xml b/chapter06/glibc.xml index 8ab39c726..c09759789 100644 --- a/chapter06/glibc.xml +++ b/chapter06/glibc.xml @@ -47,21 +47,6 @@ and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal of achieving a clean build.</para> -<para>The glibc-libidn tarball adds support for internationalized -domain names (IDN) to Glibc. Note that many programs that -support IDN require the full libidn library from -<ulink url="http://josefsson.org/libidn/releases/"/>, not this add-on. -Unpack the tarball from within the Glibc source -directory:</para> - -<screen><userinput>tar jxf ../glibc-libidn-&glibc-version;.tar.bz2</userinput></screen> - -<para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, bash enters infinite loop at startup. It is -unknown whether this is a bash bug or a glibc problem. Disable installation -of this locale in order to avoid the problem:</para> - -<screen><userinput>sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen> - <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para> @@ -71,7 +56,7 @@ cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen> <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \ - --disable-profile --enable-add-ons=nptl,libidn \ + --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \ --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen> <para>The meaning of the new configure options:</para> @@ -144,11 +129,6 @@ with:</para> <screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen> -<note><para>It is possible to create and install additional locales such as -ru_RU.CP1251 by means of the <command>localedef</command> command, as -explained in the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the Glibc source.</para></note> -<!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of running localedef --> - <para>To save time, an alternative to running the previous command (which generates and installs every locale listed in the glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED file) is to install only those @@ -162,7 +142,6 @@ instructions, instead of the <parameter>install-locales</parameter> target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully:</para> -<!-- FIXME: recheck that "make localedata/install_locales" actually does the same --> <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro @@ -173,16 +152,24 @@ localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro -localedef -i fr_FR.UTF-8 -f UTF-8 fr_FR localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen> -<para>The first <command>localedef</command> above combines the -<filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/de_DE</filename> charset-independent -locale definition with the -<filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/ISO-8859-1.gz</filename> charmap definition -and appends the result to the -<filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.</para> +<para>Some locales installed by the <command>make +localedata/install-locales</command> command above are not properly +supported by some applications that are in the LFS and BLFS books. +Because of the various problems that arise due to application +programmers making assumptions that break in such locales, LFS should +not be used in locales that utilize multibyte character sets +(including UTF-8) or right-to-left writing order. Numerous unofficial +and unstable patches are required to fix these problems, and it has +been decided by the LFS developers not to support such complex locales at this +time. This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales as well—they have been +installed only for GCC and Gettext tests to pass, and the +<command>watch</command> program (part of the Procps package) does not work +properly in them. Various attempts to circumvent these restrictions are +documented in internationalization-related hints.</para> + </sect2> <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration"><title>Configuring Glibc</title> diff --git a/chapter06/grep.xml b/chapter06/grep.xml index b772ad294..8322c6d45 100644 --- a/chapter06/grep.xml +++ b/chapter06/grep.xml @@ -28,16 +28,6 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Make, Sed, and Texinfo</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Grep</title> -<para>The original Grep package has many bugs, especially in the support of -multibyte locales. RedHat fixed some of them by the following patch:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&grep-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen> - -<para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for -the test file have to be changed:</para> - -<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/fmbtest.sh</userinput></screen> - <para>Prepare Grep for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin</userinput></screen> diff --git a/chapter06/groff.xml b/chapter06/groff.xml index a8883e930..a2d8cb7e2 100644 --- a/chapter06/groff.xml +++ b/chapter06/groff.xml @@ -28,29 +28,10 @@ Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Groff</title> -<para>Apply the patch that adds the "ascii8" and "nippon" devices to Groff:</para> - -<screen><userinput>zcat ../&groff-debian-patch; | patch -Np1</userinput></screen> - -<note><para>These devices are used by Man-DB when formatting non-English manual -pages that are not in the ISO-8859-1 encoding. There is no working patch for -Groff-1.19.x that adds this functionality at the time of this writing. -<!-- Details: http://bugs.debian.org/196762 --> -</para></note> - -<para>Many screen fonts don't have Unicode dashes in them. Tell groff to use -the ASCII hyphen instead:</para> - -<screen><userinput>sed -i 's,2010,002D,' font/devutf8/R.proto -sed -i 's,2212,002D,' font/devutf8/R.proto</userinput></screen> - <para>Groff expects the environment variable <envar>PAGE</envar> to contain the default paper size. For users in the United States, <parameter>PAGE=letter</parameter> is appropriate. Elsewhere, -<parameter>PAGE=A4</parameter> may be more suitable. -The default paper size can be changed after installation by writing -the word "A4" or "letter" to the <filename>/etc/papersize</filename> -file.</para> +<parameter>PAGE=A4</parameter> may be more suitable.</para> <para>Prepare Groff for compilation:</para> diff --git a/chapter06/kbd.xml b/chapter06/kbd.xml index 703f959df..52e8a734c 100644 --- a/chapter06/kbd.xml +++ b/chapter06/kbd.xml @@ -28,15 +28,6 @@ Diffutils, Flex, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Gzip, M4, Make, and Sed</seg></segli <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Kbd</title> -<para>The behaviour of Backspace and Delete keys is not consistent across the -keymaps in the Kbd package. The following patch fixes this issue for -i386 keymaps:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&kbd-backspace-patch;</userinput></screen> - -<para>After patching, the Backspace key generates the character with code 127, -and the Delete key generates a well-known escape sequence.</para> - <para>Patch Kbd to fix a bug in <command>setfont</command> that is triggered when compiling with GCC-&gcc-version;:</para> @@ -56,11 +47,6 @@ when compiling with GCC-&gcc-version;:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> -<note>For some languages, e.g. Belarusian, the Kbd package doesn't provide -a useful keymap (the stock "by" keymap assumes the ISO-8859-5 encoding, -while everybody uses CP1251 instead). Users of such languages -have to download working keymaps separately.</note> - </sect2> <sect2 id="contents-kbd" role="content"><title>Contents of Kbd</title> @@ -288,9 +274,8 @@ pressed on the keyboard</para> <varlistentry id="unicode_start"> <term><command>unicode_start</command></term> <listitem> -<para>Puts the keyboard and console in UNICODE mode. Don't use this program -unless your keymap file is in the ISO-8859-1 encoding. For other encodings, -this utility produces incorrect results.</para> +<para>Puts the keyboard and console in UNICODE mode. Never use it on LFS, +because applications are not configured to support UNICODE.</para> <indexterm zone="ch-system-kbd unicode_start"><primary sortas="b-unicode_start">unicode_start</primary></indexterm> </listitem> </varlistentry> diff --git a/chapter06/man-db.xml b/chapter06/man-db.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 13a421a21..000000000 --- a/chapter06/man-db.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,268 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ - <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> - %general-entities; -]> -<sect1 id="ch-system-man-db" role="wrap"> -<title>Man-DB-&man-db-version;</title> -<?dbhtml filename="man-db.html"?> - -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db"><primary sortas="a-Man-DB">Man-DB</primary></indexterm> - -<sect2 role="package"><title/> -<para>The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.</para> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> -<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>1.1 MB</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, -Glibc, Gettext, GDBM, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> -</sect2> - -<sect2 role="installation"> -<title>Installation of Man-DB</title> - -<para>Three adjustments need to be made to the sources of Man-DB.</para> - -<para>The first one changes the location of translated manual pages that come -with Man-DB, in order for them to be accessible in both traditional and -UTF-8 locales:</para> - -<screen><userinput>mv man/de{_DE.88591,} && -mv man/es{_ES.88591,} && -mv man/it{_IT.88591,} && -mv man/ja{_JP.eucJP,} && -sed -i 's,\*_\*,??,' man/Makefile.in</userinput></screen> - -<para>The second change is a sed substitution to delete the -<quote>/usr/man</quote> lines in the -<filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant results when -using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para> - -<screen><userinput>sed -i '/\t\/usr\/man/d' src/man_db.conf.in</userinput></screen> - -<para>The third change accounts for programs that Man-DB should be able -to find at runtime, but that haven't been installed yet:</para> - -<screen><userinput>cat >>include/manconfig.h.in <<"EOF" -<literal>#define WEB_BROWSER "exec /usr/bin/lynx" -#define COL "/usr/bin/col" -#define VGRIND "/usr/bin/vgrind" -#define GRAP "/usr/bin/grap"</literal> -EOF</userinput></screen> - -<para>The <command>col</command> program is a part of the Util-linux package, -<command>lynx</command> is a text-based web browser -(see BLFS for installation instructions), -<command>vgrind</command> converts program sources to Groff input, -and <command>grap</command> is useful for typesetting graphs in Groff documents. -The <command>vgrind</command> and <command>grap</command> programs are -not normally needed for viewing manual pages. They are -not part of LFS or BLFS, but you should be able to install them yourself -after finishing LFS if you wish to do so.</para> - -<para>Prepare Man-DB for compilation:</para> - -<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-mb-groff --disable-setuid</userinput></screen> - -<para>The meaning of the configure options:</para> - -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>--enable-mb-groff</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This tells the <command>man</command> program to -use the "ascii8" and "nippon" Groff devices for formatting non-ISO-8859-1 -manual pages.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>--disable-setuid</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This disables making the <command>man</command> program -setuid to user "man".</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para>Compile the package:</para> - -<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> - -<para>Install the package:</para> - -<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> - -<para>Additional information with regards to the compression of -man and info pages can be found in the BLFS book at -<ulink url="&blfs-root;view/cvs/postlfs/compressdoc.html"/>.</para> - -</sect2> - -<sect2><title>Non-English Manual Pages in LFS</title> - -<para>Linux distributions have different policies concerning the chracter -encoding in which manual pages are stored on the hard disk. E.g., RedHat -stores all manual pages in UTF-8, while Debian uses language-specific -(mostly 8-bit) encodings. This leads to incompatibility of packages with -manual pages designed for different distributions.</para> - -<para>LFS uses the same conventions as Debian. The correspondence between -language codes and the expected encoding of manual pages is listed below. -Man-DB automatically converts them to the locale encoding "on the fly" -while viewing.</para> - -<!-- Origin: man-db-2.4.3/src/encodings.c --> -<table frame='all'><title>Expected character encoding of manual pages</title> -<tgroup cols='2' align='center' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> -<thead> -<row><entry>Language (code)</entry><entry>Encoding</entry></row> -</thead> -<tbody> -<row><entry>Danish (da)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>German (de)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>English (en)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Spanish (es)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Finnish (fi)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>French (fr)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Irish (ga)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Galician (gl)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Indonesian (id)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Icelandic (is)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Italian (it)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Dutch (nl)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<!-- BUG: "no" is deprecated, should use "nb" or "nn" and symlinks --> -<row><entry>Norwegian (no)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<!-- END BUG --> -<row><entry>Portuguese (pt)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<row><entry>Swedish (sv)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-1</entry></row> -<!-- Languages below require patched groff --> -<row><entry>Czech (cs)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-2</entry></row> -<row><entry>Croatian (hr)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-2</entry></row> -<row><entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-2</entry></row> -<row><entry>Japanese (ja)</entry><entry>EUC-JP</entry></row> -<row><entry>Korean (ko)</entry><entry>EUC-KR</entry></row> -<row><entry>Polish (pl)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-2</entry></row> -<row><entry>Russian (ru)</entry><entry>KOI8-R</entry></row> -<row><entry>Slovak (sk)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-2</entry></row> -<row><entry>Turkish (tr)</entry><entry>ISO-8859-9</entry></row> -</tbody> -</tgroup> -</table> - -<note><para>Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported. -Norwegian doesn't work now because of the transition from no_NO to nb_NO -locale, and Korean is non-functional because of incomplete Groff patch. -</para></note> - -<para>If upstream distributes the manual pages in the same encoding as -Man-DB expects, the manual pages can be copied to -<filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable>[language code]</replaceable></filename>. -E.g., French manual pages -(<ulink url="http://ccb.club.fr/man/man-fr-1.58.0.tar.bz2"/>) -can be installed with the following command:</para> - -<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr && -cp -r man? /usr/share/man/fr</userinput></screen> - -<para>If upstream distributes manual pages in UTF-8 (i.e. "for RedHat") -instead of the encoding listed in the table above, they have to be -downconverted from UTF-8 to the encoding listed in the table before -installation. E.g., Spanish manual pages -(<ulink url="http://ditec.um.es/~piernas/manpages-es/man-pages-es-1.55.tar.bz2"/>) -can be installed with the following commands:</para> - -<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/es && -find man? -type f | \ -grep -v 'man7/iso_8859-2.7' | grep -v 'man7/iso_8859-7.7' | \ -while read F ; do - iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO-8859-1 $F >tmp ; mv tmp $F -done && -cp -r man? /usr/share/man/es</userinput></screen> - -<note>The need to exclude <filename>man7/iso_8859-2.7</filename> -and <filename>man7/iso_8859-7.7</filename> files from the conversion process -because they are already in ISO-8859-1 is a packaging bug in -man-pages-es-1.55. Future versions should not require this kludge.</note> - -</sect2> - -<sect2 id="contents-man-db" role="content"><title>Contents of Man-DB</title> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>accessdb, apropos, catman, lexgrog, man, mandb, manpath, -and whatis</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> -<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> -<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> - - -<varlistentry id="accessdb"> -<term><command>accessdb</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Dumps the <command>whatis</command> database contents in human-readable form.</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db accessdb"><primary sortas="b-accessdb">accessdb</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="apropos"> -<term><command>apropos</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays the short descriptions -of system commands that contain a given string</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db apropos"><primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="catman"> -<term><command>catman</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db catman"><primary sortas="b-catman">catman</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="lexgrog"> -<term><command>lexgrog</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Displays one-line summary information about a given manual page.</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db lexgrog"><primary sortas="b-lexgrog">lexgrog</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="man"> -<term><command>man</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Formats and displays the requested on-line man page</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db man"><primary sortas="b-man">man</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="mandb"> -<term><command>mandb</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Creates or updates the <command>whatis</command> database</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db mandb"><primary sortas="b-mandb">mandb</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="whatis"> -<term><command>whatis</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays the short descriptions -of system commands that contain the given keyword as a separate -word</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db whatis"><primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -</sect2> - -</sect1> - diff --git a/chapter06/man.xml b/chapter06/man.xml index e69de29bb..371985d2e 100644 --- a/chapter06/man.xml +++ b/chapter06/man.xml @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ + <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> + %general-entities; +]> +<sect1 id="ch-system-man" role="wrap"> +<title>Man-&man-version;</title> +<?dbhtml filename="man.html"?> + +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man"><primary sortas="a-Man">Man</primary></indexterm> + +<sect2 role="package"><title/> +<para>The Man package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.</para> + +<segmentedlist> +<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> +<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> +<seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>1.3 MB</seg></seglistitem> +</segmentedlist> + +<segmentedlist> +<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle> +<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Gawk, GCC, +Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> +</segmentedlist> +</sect2> + +<sect2 role="installation"> +<title>Installation of Man</title> + +<para>Two adjustments need to be made to the sources of Man.</para> + +<para>The first is a <command>sed</command> substitution to add the +<parameter>-R</parameter> switch to the <envar>PAGER</envar> +variable so that escape sequences are properly handled by Less:</para> + +<screen><userinput>sed -i 's@-is@&R@g' configure</userinput></screen> + +<para>The second is also a <command>sed</command> substitution to comment out the +<quote>MANPATH /usr/man</quote> line in the +<filename>man.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant results when +using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para> + +<screen><userinput>sed -i 's@MANPATH./usr/man@#&@g' src/man.conf.in</userinput></screen> + +<para>Prepare Man for compilation:</para> + +<screen><userinput>./configure -confdir=/etc</userinput></screen> + +<para>The meaning of the configure options:</para> + +<variablelist> +<varlistentry> +<term><parameter>-confdir=/etc</parameter></term> +<listitem><para>This tells the <command>man</command> program to look for the +<filename>man.conf</filename> configuration file in the <filename +class="directory">/etc</filename> directory.</para></listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +<para>Compile the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> + +<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para> + +<para>Install the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> + +<note><para>If you will be working on a terminal that does not support text +attributes such as color and bold, you can disable Select Graphic Rendition +(SGR) escape sequences by editing the <filename>man.conf</filename> file and +adding the <parameter>-c</parameter> option to the <envar>NROFF</envar> +variable. If you use multiple terminal types for one computer it may be better +to selectively add the <envar>GROFF_NO_SGR</envar> environment variable for the +terminals that do not support SGR.</para></note> + +<para>If the character set of the locale uses 8-bit characters, search for the +line beginning with <quote>NROFF</quote> in <filename>/etc/man.conf</filename>, +and verify that it matches the following:</para> + +<screen>NROFF /usr/bin/nroff -Tlatin1 -mandoc</screen> + +<para>Note that <quote>latin1</quote> should be used even if it is not +the character set of the locale. The reason is that, according to the +specification, <command>groff</command> has no means of typesetting +characters outside International Organization for Standards +(ISO) 8859-1 without some strange escape codes. When formatting man +pages, <command>groff</command> thinks that they are in the ISO 8859-1 +encoding and this <parameter>-Tlatin1</parameter> switch tells +<command>groff</command> to use the same encoding for output. Since +<command>groff</command> does no recoding of input characters, the +formatted result is really in the same encoding as input, and therefore +it is usable as the input for a pager.</para> + +<para>This does not solve the problem of a non-working +<command>man2dvi</command> program for localized man pages in +non-ISO 8859-1 locales. Also, it does not work with multibyte +character sets. The first problem does not currently have a solution. +The second issue is not of concern because the LFS installation does +not support multibyte character sets.</para> + +<para>Additional information with regards to the compression of +man and info pages can be found in the BLFS book at +<ulink url="&blfs-root;view/cvs/postlfs/compressdoc.html"/>.</para> + +</sect2> + + +<sect2 id="contents-man" role="content"><title>Contents of Man</title> + +<segmentedlist> +<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> +<seglistitem><seg>apropos, makewhatis, man, +man2dvi, man2html, and whatis</seg></seglistitem> +</segmentedlist> + +<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> +<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> +<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> + +<varlistentry id="apropos"> +<term><command>apropos</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays the short descriptions +of system commands that contain a given string</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man apropos"><primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry id="makewhatis"> +<term><command>makewhatis</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Builds the <command>whatis</command> database; it reads all the man pages +in the <envar>MANPATH</envar> and writes the name and a short description in the +<command>whatis</command> database for each page</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man makewhatis"><primary sortas="b-makewhatis">makewhatis</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry id="man"> +<term><command>man</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Formats and displays the requested on-line man page</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man man"><primary sortas="b-man">man</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry id="man2dvi"> +<term><command>man2dvi</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Converts a man page into dvi format</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man man2dvi"><primary sortas="b-man2dvi">man2dvi</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry id="man2html"> +<term><command>man2html</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Converts a man page into HTML</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man man2html"><primary sortas="b-man2html">man2html</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> + +<varlistentry id="whatis"> +<term><command>whatis</command></term> +<listitem> +<para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays the short descriptions +of system commands that contain the given keyword as a separate +word</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-man whatis"><primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary></indexterm> +</listitem> +</varlistentry> +</variablelist> + +</sect2> + +</sect1> + diff --git a/chapter06/ncurses.xml b/chapter06/ncurses.xml index be459b36d..50e2bdc33 100644 --- a/chapter06/ncurses.xml +++ b/chapter06/ncurses.xml @@ -28,49 +28,10 @@ Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Ncurses</title> -<!-- Uncomment if using a dated ncurses release instead of a numbered one. - -<para>Since the release of Ncurses-&ncurses-version;, some bugs have been fixed -and features added. The most important news are ....... -To get these fixes and features, apply the rollup patch:</para> - -<screen><userinput>bzcat ../&ncurses-rollup-patch; | patch -Np1</userinput></screen> ---> - -<para>Since the release of Ncurses-&ncurses-version;, a memory leak and some -display bugs were found and fixed upstream. Apply those fixes:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&ncurses-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen> <para>Prepare Ncurses for compilation:</para> -<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug --enable-widec</userinput></screen> - -<para>The meaning of the configure options:</para> - -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>--enable-widec</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This switch causes wide-character libraries -(e.g. <filename class="libraryfile">libncursesw.so.&ncurses-version;</filename>) -to be built instead of normal ones -(e.g. <filename class="libraryfile">libncurses.so.&ncurses-version;</filename>). -Those wide-character libraries are usable in both multibyte and traditional 8-bit -locales, while normal libraries work properly only in 8-bit locales. -Wide-character and normal libraries are source-compatible, but not -binary-compatible.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -<!-- -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>- -without-cxx-binding</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This optional switch causes the -<filename class="libraryfile">libncurses++w.a</filename> library -not to be built. Nothing in LFS and BLFS uses this library.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> ---> -</variablelist> +<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug</userinput></screen> <para>Compile the package:</para> @@ -88,48 +49,18 @@ not to be built. Nothing in LFS and BLFS uses this library.</para> <para>Fix a library that should not be executable:</para> -<screen><userinput>chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++w.a</userinput></screen> +<screen><userinput>chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++.a</userinput></screen> <para>Move the libraries to the <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory, where they are expected to reside:</para> -<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib</userinput></screen> - -<para>Because the libraries have been moved, one symlink points to -a non-existent file. Recreate it:</para> - -<screen><userinput>ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so</userinput></screen> - -<para>Many applications still expect the linker to be able to find -non-wide-character Ncurses libraries. Trick such applications into linking with -wide-character libraries by means of symlinks and linker scripts:</para> - -<screen><userinput>for lib in curses ncurses form panel menu ; do \ - rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \ - echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \ - ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \ -done && -ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a</userinput></screen> - -<para>Finally, make sure that really old applications that look for -<filename class="libaryfile">-lcurses</filename> at build time are still -buildable:</para> - -<screen><userinput>echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so && -ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so && -ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a && -ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a</userinput></screen> - -<note><para>The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses -libraries since nothing in LFS and BLFS would link against them at runtime. -If you must have such libraries because of some binary-only application, -build them with the following commands:</para> -<screen role="nodump"><userinput>make distclean && -./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-normal \ - --without-debug --without-cxx-binding && -make sources libs && -cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib</userinput></screen> -</note> +<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5* /lib</userinput></screen> + +<para>Because the libraries have been moved, a few symlinks point to +non-existent files. Recreate those symlinks:</para> + +<screen><userinput>ln -sfv ../../lib/libncurses.so.5 /usr/lib/libncurses.so +ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so</userinput></screen> </sect2> @@ -140,10 +71,8 @@ cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib</userinput></screen> <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> <seglistitem><seg>captoinfo (link to tic), clear, infocmp, infotocap (link to tic), reset (link to tset), tack, tic, toe, tput, and tset</seg> -<seg>libcursesw.[a,so] (symlink and linker script to libncursesw.[a,so]), -libformw.[a,so], libmenuw.[a,so], -libncurses++w.a, libncursesw.[a,so], libpanelw.[a,so] and their -non-wide-character counterparts without "w" in the library names.</seg></seglistitem> +<seg>libcurses.[a,so] (link to libncurses.[a,so]), libform.[a,so], libmenu.[a,so], +libncurses++.a, libncurses.[a,so], and libpanel.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> <variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> @@ -283,3 +212,4 @@ menu displayed during the kernel's <command>make menuconfig</command></para> </sect2> </sect1> + diff --git a/chapter06/readline.xml b/chapter06/readline.xml index 235f38e8c..5d4e08c29 100644 --- a/chapter06/readline.xml +++ b/chapter06/readline.xml @@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <varlistentry> <term><parameter>SHLIB_LIBS=-lncurses</parameter></term> <listitem><para>This option forces Readline to link against the -<filename class="libraryfile">libncurses</filename> -(really, <filename class="libraryfile">libncursesw</filename>) -library.</para></listitem> +<filename class="libraryfile">libncurses</filename> library.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> diff --git a/chapter06/sysklogd.xml b/chapter06/sysklogd.xml index c7b1176ff..fb422e1c8 100644 --- a/chapter06/sysklogd.xml +++ b/chapter06/sysklogd.xml @@ -33,12 +33,6 @@ Sysklogd with Linux 2.6 series kernels</para> <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&sysklogd-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen> -<para>The following patch makes sysklogd treat bytes in the 0x80--0x9f range -literally in the messages being logged, instead of replacing them with octal -codes. Such replacement caused damage to messages in UTF-8 encoding.</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&sysklogd-8bit-patch;</userinput></screen> - <para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> diff --git a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml index a82fdd9a8..a322e69ec 100644 --- a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml +++ b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml @@ -84,15 +84,26 @@ ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin -1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600 -2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 -3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 -4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 -5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 -6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 +1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty1 9600 +2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty2 9600 +3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty3 9600 +4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty4 9600 +5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty5 9600 +6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -I '\033(K' tty6 9600 # End /etc/inittab</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> + +<para>The <parameter>-I '\033(K'</parameter> option tells +<command>agetty</command> to send this escape sequence to the terminal +before doing anything else. This escape sequence switches the console +character set to a user-defined one, which can be modified by running +the <command>setfont</command> program. The <command>console</command> +initscript from the LFS-Bootscripts package calls the <command>setfont</command> +program during system startup. Sending this escape sequence is +necessary for people who use non-ISO 8859-1 screen fonts, but it does +not affect native English speakers.</para> + </sect2> diff --git a/chapter06/texinfo.xml b/chapter06/texinfo.xml index 0a1ff24c7..fc3138517 100644 --- a/chapter06/texinfo.xml +++ b/chapter06/texinfo.xml @@ -29,14 +29,6 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Ncurses, and Sed</seg></seglistitem> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Texinfo</title> -<para>The <command>info</command> program makes assumptions such as "a string -occupies the same number of character cells on the screen and bytes in memory" -and "one can break the string anywhere" that are incorrect in UTF-8 locales. -While the patch below is not the proper solution, it at least hides the problem -by falling back to English messages when a multibyte locale is in use:</para> - -<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&texinfo-multibyte-patch;</userinput></screen> - <para>Texinfo allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on temporary files. Apply the following patch to fix this:</para> diff --git a/chapter06/udev.xml b/chapter06/udev.xml index 8b77b1b58..3d89e3187 100644 --- a/chapter06/udev.xml +++ b/chapter06/udev.xml @@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ the configuration files here:</para> <screen><userinput>install -m644 -D -v docs/writing_udev_rules/index.html /usr/share/doc/udev-&udev-version;/index.html</userinput></screen> -<!-- Not for the LiveCD --> <!-- Edit Me --> <para>Run the <command>udevstart</command> program to create our full complement of device nodes.</para> diff --git a/chapter06/vim.xml b/chapter06/vim.xml index bd21f2f32..2083d4786 100644 --- a/chapter06/vim.xml +++ b/chapter06/vim.xml @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class="directory">/etc</filename>:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><parameter>--enable-multibyte</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This switch enables support for +<listitem><para>This optional but highly recommended switch enables support for editing files in multibyte character encodings. This is needed if using a locale with a multibyte character set. This switch is also helpful to be able to edit text files initially created in Linux distributions like Fedora Core that @@ -75,18 +75,6 @@ redirecting the output to a log file.</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> -<para>In UTF-8 locales, the <command>vimtutor</command> program -tries to convert the tutorials from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8. Since -some tutorials are not in ISO-8859-1, the text in them is thus made unreadable. -If you unpacked the <filename>vim-&vim-version;-lang.tar.gz</filename> -archive and are going to use a UTF-8 based locale, remove non-ISO-8859-1 -tutorials. An English tutorial will be used instead.</para> -<!-- Removal is used instead of conversion in order for the user to be able to -painlessly revert his UTF-8 locale choice. --> - -<screen><userinput>rm -f /usr/share/vim/vim64/tutor/tutor.{gr,pl,ru,sk} -rm -f /usr/share/vim/vim64/tutor/tutor.??.*</userinput></screen> - <para>Many users are used to using <command>vi</command> instead of <command>vim</command>. To allow execution of <command>vim</command> when users habitually enter <command>vi</command>, create a |