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authorMark Hymers <markh@linuxfromscratch.org>2001-07-22 19:45:10 +0000
committerMark Hymers <markh@linuxfromscratch.org>2001-07-22 19:45:10 +0000
commitb822811980a5f82726cb641cbeff66be9eb6d92a (patch)
tree27c4db3c62aaea065b053e43c39b2ba44c04a05f /chapter07/usage.xml
parent46f5461af92bc70c62bbb92895032b930954d835 (diff)
XML changes
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@827 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
Diffstat (limited to 'chapter07/usage.xml')
-rw-r--r--chapter07/usage.xml81
1 files changed, 29 insertions, 52 deletions
diff --git a/chapter07/usage.xml b/chapter07/usage.xml
index e20e3cb53..1e8c944f1 100644
--- a/chapter07/usage.xml
+++ b/chapter07/usage.xml
@@ -1,51 +1,40 @@
<sect1 id="ch07-usage">
<title>How does the booting process with these scripts work?</title>
-<para>
-Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit. It's based on a
+<para>Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit. It's based on a
concept of <emphasis>runlevels</emphasis>. It can be widely different
from one system to another, so it can not be assumed that because things
worked in &lt;insert distro name&gt; they should work like that in LFS
too. LFS has it's own way of doing things, but it respects generally
-accepted standards.
-</para>
+accepted standards.</para>
-<para>
-SysVinit (which we'll call <emphasis>init</emphasis> from now on) works
+<para>SysVinit (which we'll call <emphasis>init</emphasis> from now on) works
using a runlevels scheme. There are 7 (from 0 to 6) runlevels
(actually, there are more runlevels but they are for special cases and
generally not used. The init man page describes those details), and each
one of those corresponds to the things the computer is supposed to do when
it starts up. The default runlevel is 3. Here are the descriptions of the
-different runlevels as they are often implemented:
-</para>
+different runlevels as they are often implemented:</para>
-<literallayout>
-0: halt the computer
+<literallayout>0: halt the computer
1: single-user mode
2: multi-user mode without networking
3: multi-user mode with networking
4: reserved for customization, otherwise does the same as 3
5: same as 4, it is usually used for GUI login (like X's xdm or KDE's kdm)
-6: reboot the computer
-</literallayout>
+6: reboot the computer</literallayout>
-<para>
-The command used to change runlevels is <userinput>init
+<para>The command used to change runlevels is <userinput>init
&lt;runlevel&gt;</userinput> where &lt;runlevel&gt; is
the target runlevel. For example, to reboot the computer, a user would issue
the init 6 command. The reboot command is just an alias, as is the halt
-command an alias to init 0.
-</para>
+command an alias to init 0.</para>
-<para>
-The /etc/init.d/rcS script is run at every startup of the computer,
+<para>The /etc/init.d/rcS script is run at every startup of the computer,
before any runlevel is executed and runs the scripts listed in
-/etc/rcS.d
-</para>
+/etc/rcS.d</para>
-<para>
-There are a number of directories under /etc that look like like rc?.d
+<para>There are a number of directories under /etc that look like like rc?.d
where ? is the number of the runlevel and rcS.d. A user might take a look
at one of
them (after this chapter is finished, right now there's nothing
@@ -55,55 +44,43 @@ the initial letter. The K means to stop (kill) a service, and the S means
to start a service. The numbers determine the order in which the scripts
are run, from 000 to 999; the lower the number the sooner it gets
executed. When init switches to another runlevel, the appropriate
-services get killed and others get started.
-</para>
+services get killed and others get started.</para>
-<para>
-The real scripts are in /etc/init.d. They do all the work, and the
+<para>The real scripts are in /etc/init.d. They do all the work, and the
symlinks all point to them. Killing links and starting
links point to the same script in /etc/init.d. That's because the scripts
can be called with different parameters like start, stop, restart, reload,
status. When a K link is encountered, the appropriate script is run with
the stop argument. When a S link is encountered, the appropriate script
-is run with the start argument.
-</para>
+is run with the start argument.</para>
-<para>
-These are descriptions of what the arguments make the scripts do:
-</para>
+<para>These are descriptions of what the arguments make the
+scripts do:</para>
<itemizedlist>
-<listitem><para>
-<emphasis>start</emphasis>: The service is started.
-</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><emphasis>start</emphasis>: The service is
+started.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>
-<emphasis>stop</emphasis>: The service is stopped.
-</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><emphasis>stop</emphasis>: The service is
+stopped.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>
-<emphasis>restart</emphasis>: The service is stopped and then started again.
-</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><emphasis>restart</emphasis>: The service is
+stopped and then started again.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>
-<emphasis>reload</emphasis>: The configuration of the service is updated.
+<listitem><para><emphasis>reload</emphasis>: The configuration
+of the service is updated.
This is used after the configuration file of a service was modified, when
-the service doesn't need to be restarted.
-</para></listitem>
+the service doesn't need to be restarted.</para></listitem>
-<listitem><para>
-<emphasis>status</emphasis>: Tells if the service is running and with
-which PID's.
-</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para><emphasis>status</emphasis>: Tells if the service
+is running and with which PID's.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-<para>
-Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all it's your
+<para>Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all it's your
LFS system, not ours). The files here are just an example of how it can be
-done in a nice way (well what we consider nice anyway. You may hate it).
-</para>
+done in a nice way (well what we consider nice anyway. You may hate it).</para>
</sect1>