Initial commit of alternative cross LFS

git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/cross2@11897 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
+  %general-entities;
+]>
+
+<sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap">
+  <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
+
+  <sect1info condition="script">
+    <productname>shadow</productname>
+    <productnumber>&shadow-version;</productnumber>
+    <address>&shadow-url;</address>
+  </sect1info>
+
+  <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow">
+    <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+
+  <sect2 role="package">
+    <title/>
+
+    <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
+    way.</para>
+
+    <segmentedlist>
+      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
+      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
+
+      <seglistitem>
+        <seg>&shadow-ch6-sbu;</seg>
+        <seg>&shadow-ch6-du;</seg>
+      </seglistitem>
+    </segmentedlist>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2 role="installation">
+    <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
+
+    <note>
+      <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to
+      <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html"/> for installing
+      CrackLib prior to building Shadow. Then add
+      <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command>
+      command below.</para>
+    </note>
+
+    <para>Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program
+    and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also,
+    prevent the installation of manual pages that were already installed in
+    <xref linkend="ch-system-man-pages"/>:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /'   {} \;
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /'   {} \;</userinput></screen>
+
+    <para id="shadow-login_defs">Instead of using the default
+    <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more secure
+    <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also
+    allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change
+    the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
+    for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename
+    class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@' \
+       -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
+
+    <note>
+      <para>If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:</para>
+
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
+    </note>
+
+    <para>Make a minor change to make the first group number generated
+    by useradd 1000:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput></screen>
+
+    <para>Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
+./configure --sysconfdir=/etc               \
+            --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput></screen>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <title>The meaning of the configure option:</title>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs
+          to exist because its location is harcoded in some programs, and
+          the default location if it does not exist is not right.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>The maximum user name is 32 characters.  Make the maximum
+          group name the same.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+    </variablelist>
+
+    <para>Compile the package:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
+
+    <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
+
+    <para>Install the package:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
+    <!--
+    <para>Move a misplaced program to its proper location:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- <para>Move Shadow's libraries to more appropriate locations:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib
+rm -v /lib/libshadow.so
+ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen> -->
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration">
+    <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
+
+    <indexterm zone="conf-shadow">
+      <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
+      <secondary>configuring</secondary>
+    </indexterm>
+
+    <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and
+    groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative
+    tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis>
+    means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked
+    source tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need
+    to verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.)
+    must be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with
+    shadowed passwords.</para>
+
+    <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen>
+
+    <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen>
+
+    <para>Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command>
+    utility has a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default
+    action for the <command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and
+    a group of the same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and
+    group ID (GID) numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass
+    parameters to <command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a
+    unique group on the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need
+    to pass the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to
+    <command>useradd</command>. The default parameters are stored in the
+    <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two
+    parameters in this file to suit your particular needs.</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <title><filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations</title>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in
+          the /etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note
+          that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the
+          number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next
+          available number after this. Note also that if you don't have a group
+          1000 on your system the first time you use <command>useradd</command>
+          without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message
+          displayed on the terminal that says:
+          <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 1000</computeroutput>. You may
+          disregard this message and group number 1000 will be used.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a
+          mailbox file for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command>
+          will make the group ownership of this file to the
+          <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
+          permissions. If you would prefer that these mailbox files are not
+          created by <command>useradd</command>, issue the following
+          command:</para>
+
+<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+    </variablelist>
+
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2 role="configuration">
+    <title>Setting the root password</title>
+
+    <para>Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it
+    by running:</para>
+
+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+  <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content">
+    <title>Contents of Shadow</title>
+
+    <segmentedlist>
+      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
+      <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
+
+      <seglistitem>
+        <seg>chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd,
+        groupadd, groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv,
+        lastlog, login, logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers,
+        nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su,
+        useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw), and vipw</seg>
+        <seg>/etc/default</seg>
+      </seglistitem>
+    </segmentedlist>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
+      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
+      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
+
+      <varlistentry id="chage">
+        <term><command>chage</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory
+          password changes</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage">
+            <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="chfn">
+        <term><command>chfn</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn">
+            <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="chgpasswd">
+        <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd">
+            <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="chpasswd">
+        <term><command>chpasswd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Used to update user passwords in batch mode</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd">
+            <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="chsh">
+        <term><command>chsh</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh">
+            <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="expiry">
+        <term><command>expiry</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry">
+            <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="faillog">
+        <term><command>faillog</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum
+          number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the
+          failure count</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog">
+            <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="gpasswd">
+        <term><command>gpasswd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to
+          groups</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd">
+            <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="groupadd">
+        <term><command>groupadd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Creates a group with the given name</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd">
+            <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="groupdel">
+        <term><command>groupdel</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel">
+            <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="groupmems">
+        <term><command>groupmems</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list
+          without the requirement of super user privileges.</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmems">
+            <primary sortas="b-groupmems">groupmems</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="groupmod">
+        <term><command>groupmod</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod">
+            <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="grpck">
+        <term><command>grpck</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files
+          <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
+          <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck">
+            <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="grpconv">
+        <term><command>grpconv</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal
+          group file</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv">
+            <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="grpunconv">
+        <term><command>grpunconv</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from
+          <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv">
+            <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="lastlog">
+        <term><command>lastlog</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Reports the most recent login of all users or of a
+          given user</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog">
+            <primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="login">
+        <term><command>login</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login">
+            <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="logoutd">
+        <term><command>logoutd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time
+          and ports</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd">
+            <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="newgidmap">
+        <term><command>newgidmap</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgidmap">
+            <primary sortas="b-newgidmap">newgidmap</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="newgrp">
+        <term><command>newgrp</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp">
+            <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="newuidmap">
+        <term><command>newuidmap</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newuidmap">
+            <primary sortas="b-newuidmap">newuidmap</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="newusers">
+        <term><command>newusers</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user
+          accounts</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers">
+            <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="nologin">
+        <term><command>nologin</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed
+          to be used as the default shell for accounts that have been
+          disabled</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin">
+            <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="passwd">
+        <term><command>passwd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd">
+            <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="pwck">
+        <term><command>pwck</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files
+          <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+          <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck">
+            <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="pwconv">
+        <term><command>pwconv</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal
+          password file</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv">
+            <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="pwunconv">
+        <term><command>pwunconv</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from
+          <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv">
+            <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="sg">
+        <term><command>sg</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID
+          is set to that of the given group</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg">
+            <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="su">
+        <term><command>su</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su">
+            <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="useradd">
+        <term><command>useradd</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default
+          new-user information</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd">
+            <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="userdel">
+        <term><command>userdel</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Deletes the given user account</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel">
+            <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="usermod">
+        <term><command>usermod</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, User
+          Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod">
+            <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="vigr">
+        <term><command>vigr</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or
+          <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr">
+            <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry id="vipw">
+        <term><command>vipw</command></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or
+          <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para>
+          <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw">
+            <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary>
+          </indexterm>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+    </variablelist>
+
+  </sect2>
+
+</sect1>