diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | appendixa/makedev-dep.xml | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | appendixa/makedev-desc.xml | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | appendixa/makedev-down.xml | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter01/changelog.xml | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/makedev.xml | 122 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | entities/makedev.ent | 14 |
7 files changed, 89 insertions, 66 deletions
diff --git a/appendixa/makedev-dep.xml b/appendixa/makedev-dep.xml index 68e48bf52..1cf303245 100644 --- a/appendixa/makedev-dep.xml +++ b/appendixa/makedev-dep.xml @@ -1 +1,2 @@ -<para>For its installation MAKEDEV depends on: Bash, Coreutils.</para> +<para>For its installation Make_devices depends on: Bash, Bzip2, +Coreutils.</para> diff --git a/appendixa/makedev-desc.xml b/appendixa/makedev-desc.xml index d68e9adb4..8c16ef1df 100644 --- a/appendixa/makedev-desc.xml +++ b/appendixa/makedev-desc.xml @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ <sect2><title>Short description</title> -<para><command>MAKEDEV</command> is a script for creating the necessary -static device nodes, usually residing in the <filename>/dev</filename> -directory.</para> +<para><command>make_devices</command> is a script for creating a basic set of +static device nodes, usually residing in the <filename +class="directory">/dev</filename> directory.</para> </sect2> diff --git a/appendixa/makedev-down.xml b/appendixa/makedev-down.xml index 1e0e6a63c..807fae824 100644 --- a/appendixa/makedev-down.xml +++ b/appendixa/makedev-down.xml @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ -<literallayout>Official download location for MAKEDEV (&makedev-version;): +<literallayout>Official download location for Make_devices (&makedev-version;): <ulink url="&http-down;"/></literallayout> diff --git a/appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml b/appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml index 882fe7f33..8544ef40e 100644 --- a/appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml +++ b/appendixa/makedev-shortdesc.xml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2> -<sect2 id="contents-makedev"><title>Contents of MAKEDEV</title> +<sect2 id="contents-makedev"><title>Contents of Make_devices</title> -<para><emphasis>Installed script</emphasis>: MAKEDEV</para> +<para><emphasis>Installed script</emphasis>: make_devices</para> </sect2> diff --git a/chapter01/changelog.xml b/chapter01/changelog.xml index ea37d74cc..5c874531b 100644 --- a/chapter01/changelog.xml +++ b/chapter01/changelog.xml @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ <itemizedlist> +<listitem><para>February 7th, 2004 [alex]: Chapter 6 - Creating devices: +replaced the MAKEDEV script with the make_devices script. Contributed by +Matthias Benkmann.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>February 5th, 2004 [alex]: Chapter 6 - Simplified the final install of the kernel headers to just copying them from the temporary tools directory.</para></listitem> diff --git a/chapter06/makedev.xml b/chapter06/makedev.xml index 0763e8c8f..3fce5fb6a 100644 --- a/chapter06/makedev.xml +++ b/chapter06/makedev.xml @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ -<sect1 id="ch-system-MAKEDEV" xreflabel="Makedev"> -<title>Creating devices with Makedev-&makedev-version;</title> -<?dbhtml filename="makedev.html" dir="chapter06"?> +<sect1 id="ch-system-MAKEDEV" xreflabel="Make_devices"> +<title>Creating devices with Make_devices-&makedev-version;</title> +<?dbhtml filename="makedevices.html" dir="chapter06"?> -<para>The MAKEDEV package contains a script for making device nodes.</para> +<para>The Make_devices package contains a script for creating device +nodes.</para> <screen>&buildtime; &makedev-time; &diskspace; &makedev-compsize;</screen> @@ -15,62 +16,79 @@ <sect2> <title>Making devices</title> -<para>Note that unpacking the <filename>MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2</filename> -file doesn't create a directory for you to <command>cd</command> into, as -the file contains only a shell script.</para> +<para>Note that unpacking the +<filename>make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2</filename> file doesn't +create a directory for you to <command>cd</command> into, as the file +contains only a shell script.</para> + +<para>Install the <filename>make_devices</filename> script:</para> + +<screen><userinput>bzcat make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2 > /dev/make_devices +chmod 754 /dev/make_devices</userinput></screen> + +<para>Device nodes are special files: things that can generate or receive data. +They usually correspond to physical pieces of hardware, and can be created by +issuing commands of the form: <command>mknod -m mode name type major +minor</command>. In such a command, <emphasis>mode</emphasis> is the usual +octal read/write/execute permissions triplet, and <emphasis>name</emphasis> is +the name of the device file to be created. It may seem surprising, but the +device name is actually arbitrary, except that most programs rely on devices +such as <filename>/dev/null</filename> having their usual names. The remaining +three parameters tell the kernel what piece of hardware the device node +actually refers to. The <emphasis>type</emphasis> is a letter, either b or c, +indicating whether the device is accessed in blocks (such as a hard disk) or +character by character (such as the console). And <emphasis>major</emphasis> +and <emphasis>minor</emphasis> are numbers, together forming a code that +identifies the device to the kernel. A list of the currently assigned device +numbers for Linux can be found in the file <filename>devices.txt</filename> in +the <filename class="directory">Documentation</filename> subdirectory of the +kernel sources.</para> + +<para>Note that the same major/minor combination are usually assigned to both a +block and a character device. These are, however, completely unrelated devices +that cannot be interchanged. A device is identified by the type/major/minor +triple, not just the major/minor pair, so when creating a device node it is +important to choose the correct <emphasis>type</emphasis> of device.</para> + +<para>Because looking up the type/major/minor triples and using +<command>mknod</command> manually is tedious and error-prone, the +<filename>make_devices</filename> script has been created. It contains a whole +series of <command>mknod</command> commands, one for each device, complete with +recommended name, permissions and group assignment. It has been set up so that +only a minimal set of commonly used devices is enabled and the other lines are +commented out. You should open <filename>make_devices</filename> in an editor +and customize it to your needs. This takes some time, but is very simple. When +you are satisfied, run the script to create the device files:</para> -<para>Install the <command>MAKEDEV</command> script:</para> - -<screen><userinput>bzcat MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2 > /dev/MAKEDEV -chmod 754 /dev/MAKEDEV</userinput></screen> +<screen><userinput>cd /dev +./make_devices</userinput></screen> -<para>Run the script to create the device files:</para> +<para>(The FHS states that there should be a <filename>MAKEDEV</filename> +script present in the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. +But the FHS is mistaken: it should not dictate anything about files, and limit +itself to directories.)</para> -<screen><userinput>cd /dev -./MAKEDEV -v generic-nopty</userinput></screen> - -<para>The meaning of the arguments:</para> - -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para><userinput>-v</userinput>: This tells the script to run in -verbose mode.</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para><userinput>generic-nopty</userinput>: This instructs -<command>MAKEDEV</command> to create a generic selection of commonly used -device special files, except for the ptyXX and ttyXX range of files. We don't -need those files because we are going to use Unix98 PTYs via the -<emphasis>devpts</emphasis> file system.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para>If it turns out that some special device <filename>zzz</filename> that -you need is missing, try running <userinput>./MAKEDEV -v zzz</userinput>. -Alternatively, you may create devices via the <command>mknod</command> -program. Please refer to its man and info pages if you need more -information.</para> - -<para>If you wish your system to be FHS-compliant, then the -<filename>MAKEDEV</filename> script has to remain present in the -<filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. This way it is always -available for making extra device nodes.</para> - -<para>Additionally, if you were unable to mount the devpts file system earlier -in <xref linkend="ch-system-proc"/>, now is the time to try the alternatives. If -your kernel supports the devfs file system, run the following command to mount +<para>If you had success with mounting the devpts file system earlier in <xref +linkend="ch-system-proc"/>, you can continue with the next section. If you were +unable to mount devpts, now is the time to try the alternatives. If your kernel +supports the devfs file system, run the following command to mount devfs:</para> <screen><userinput>mount -t devfs devfs /dev</userinput></screen> <para>This will mount the devfs file system over the top of the new static -<filename>/dev</filename> structure. This poses no problems, as the device nodes -created are still present, they are just hidden by the new devfs -file system.</para> - -<para>If this still doesn't work, the only option left is to use the MAKEDEV -script to create the ptyXX and ttyXX range of files that would otherwise not be -needed. Ensure you are still in the <filename>/dev</filename> directory then run -<userinput>./MAKEDEV -v pty</userinput>. The downside of this is, we are -creating an extra 512 device special files which will not be needed when we -finally boot into the finished LFS system.</para> +<filename>/dev</filename> structure. This poses no problems, as the device +nodes created are still present, they are just hidden by the new devfs file +system.</para> + +<para>If that didn't work either, the only option left is to create a few ptyXX +and ttyXX device nodes. To do this, open <filename>make_devices</filename> in +your editor, go to the section "Pseudo-TTY masters" and enable as many ptyXX +devices as you think you will need (one for every active xterm, ssh connection, +telnet connection, and so on). In the immediately following section "Pseudo-TTY +slaves", enable the corresponding ttyXX devices. When you are done, rerun +<command>./make_devices</command> from inside <filename>/dev</filename> to have +it create the new devices.</para> </sect2> diff --git a/entities/makedev.ent b/entities/makedev.ent index 205083673..2426a9259 100644 --- a/entities/makedev.ent +++ b/entities/makedev.ent @@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ <!ENTITY aa-makedev-dep SYSTEM "../appendixa/makedev-dep.xml"> <!ENTITY aa-makedev-down SYSTEM "../appendixa/makedev-down.xml"> -<!ENTITY makedev-version "1.7"> -<!ENTITY makedev-depversion "1.7"> -<!ENTITY makedev-contversion "1.7"> -<!ENTITY makedev-package "MAKEDEV-&makedev-version;.bz2"> -<!ENTITY makedev-size "8 KB"> +<!ENTITY makedev-version "1.1"> +<!ENTITY makedev-depversion "1.1"> +<!ENTITY makedev-contversion "1.1"> +<!ENTITY makedev-package "Make_devices-&makedev-version;.bz2"> +<!ENTITY makedev-size "20 KB"> -<!ENTITY makedev-compsize "50 KB"> -<!ENTITY makedev-time "0.1 SBU"> +<!ENTITY makedev-compsize "160 KB"> +<!ENTITY makedev-time "1 SBU"> |