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diff --git a/chapter06/shadow.xml b/chapter06/shadow.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83b8cf53c --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/shadow.xml @@ -0,0 +1,563 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ + <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> + %general-entities; +]> + +<sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" role="wrap"> + <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?> + + <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow"> + <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary> + </indexterm> + + <sect2 role="package"> + <title/> + + <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure + way.</para> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> + <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>&shadow-ch6-sbu;</seg> + <seg>&shadow-ch6-du;</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 role="installation"> + <title>Installation of Shadow</title> + + <note> + <para>If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to + <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/cracklib.html"/> for installing + Cracklib prior to building Shadow. Then add + <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the <command>configure</command> + command below.</para> + </note> + + <para>Prepare Shadow for compilation:</para> + +<screen><userinput>./configure --libdir=/lib --enable-shared --without-selinux</userinput></screen> + + <variablelist> + <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--without-selinux</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>Support for selinux is enabled by default, but selinux is not + built in a base LFS system. The <command>configure</command> script + will fail if this option is not used.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + <para>Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program + and its man page, as Coreutils provides a better version:</para> + +<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile +find man -name Makefile -exec sed -i '/groups/d' {} \;</userinput></screen> + + <para>Disable the installation of Chinese and Korean manual pages, since + Man-DB cannot format them properly:</para> + +<screen><userinput>sed -i -e 's/ ko//' -e 's/ zh_CN zh_TW//' man/Makefile</userinput></screen> + + <para>Shadow supplies other manual pages in a UTF-8 encoding. Man-DB + can display these in the recommended encodings by using the + <command>convert-mans</command> script which we installed.</para> + +<screen><userinput> for i in de es fi fr id it pt_BR; do + convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-1 man/${i}/*.? +done + +for i in cs hu pl; do + convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-2 man/${i}/*.? +done + +convert-mans UTF-8 EUC-JP man/ja/*.? +convert-mans UTF-8 KOI8-R man/ru/*.? +convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-9 man/tr/*.?</userinput></screen> + + <para>Compile the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> + + <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para> + + <para>Install the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> + + <para id="shadow-limits-login_access">Shadow uses two files to configure + authentication settings for the system. Install these two configuration + files:</para> + + <indexterm zone="shadow-limits-login_access"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/limits">/etc/limits</primary> + </indexterm> + + <indexterm zone="shadow-limits-login_access"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/login.access">/etc/login.access</primary> + </indexterm> + +<screen><userinput>cp -v etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen> + + <para id="shadow-login_defs">Instead of using the default + <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more secure + <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows + passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the + obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location + for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename + class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. Both of + these can be accomplished by changing the relevant configuration file + while copying it to its destination:</para> + + <indexterm zone="shadow-login_defs"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary> + </indexterm> + +<screen><userinput>sed -e's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \ + -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' \ + etc/login.defs > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen> + + <note> + <para>If you built Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:</para> + +<screen role="nodump"><userinput>sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen> + </note> + + <para>Move a misplaced program to its proper location:</para> + +<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen> + + <para>Move Shadow's libraries to more appropriate locations:</para> + +<screen><userinput>mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib +rm -v /lib/libshadow.so +ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen> + + <para>The <parameter>-D</parameter> option of the + <command>useradd</command> program requires the <filename + class="directory">/etc/default</filename> directory for it to work + properly:</para> + +<screen><userinput>mkdir -v /etc/default</userinput></screen> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration"> + <title>Configuring Shadow</title> + + <indexterm zone="conf-shadow"> + <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary> + <secondary>configuring</secondary> + </indexterm> + + <para>This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and + groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative + tasks. For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> + means, see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked + source tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need + to verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) + must be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with + shadowed passwords.</para> + + <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para> + +<screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen> + + <para>To enable shadowed group passwords, run:</para> + +<screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 role="configuration"> + <title>Setting the root password</title> + + <para>Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it + by running:</para> + +<screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content"> + <title>Contents of Shadow</title> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> + <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, + groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, + logoutd, newgrp, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to + newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw), and + vipw</seg> + <seg>libshadow.{a,so}</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + <variablelist> + <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> + <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> + <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> + + <varlistentry id="chage"> + <term><command>chage</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory + password changes</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage"> + <primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chfn"> + <term><command>chfn</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to change a user's full name and other information</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn"> + <primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chgpasswd"> + <term><command>chgpasswd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to update group passwords in batch mode</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chgpasswd"> + <primary sortas="b-chgpasswd">chgpasswd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chpasswd"> + <term><command>chpasswd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to update user passwords in batch mode</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd"> + <primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chsh"> + <term><command>chsh</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to change a user's default login shell</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh"> + <primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="expiry"> + <term><command>expiry</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry"> + <primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="faillog"> + <term><command>faillog</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum + number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the + failure count</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog"> + <primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="gpasswd"> + <term><command>gpasswd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to add and delete members and administrators to + groups</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd"> + <primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="groupadd"> + <term><command>groupadd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates a group with the given name</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd"> + <primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="groupdel"> + <term><command>groupdel</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Deletes the group with the given name</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel"> + <primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="groupmod"> + <term><command>groupmod</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to modify the given group's name or GID</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod"> + <primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="grpck"> + <term><command>grpck</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Verifies the integrity of the group files + <filename>/etc/group</filename> and + <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck"> + <primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="grpconv"> + <term><command>grpconv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal + group file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv"> + <primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="grpunconv"> + <term><command>grpunconv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from + <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv"> + <primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="lastlog"> + <term><command>lastlog</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the most recent login of all users or of a + given user</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog"> + <primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="login"> + <term><command>login</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used by the system to let users sign on</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login"> + <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="logoutd"> + <term><command>logoutd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time + and ports</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd"> + <primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="newgrp"> + <term><command>newgrp</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to change the current GID during a login session</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp"> + <primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="newusers"> + <term><command>newusers</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to create or update an entire series of user + accounts</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers"> + <primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="nologin"> + <term><command>nologin</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Displays a message that an account is not available. Designed + to be used as the default shell for accounts that have been + disabled</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow nologin"> + <primary sortas="b-nologin">nologin</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="passwd"> + <term><command>passwd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to change the password for a user or group account</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd"> + <primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pwck"> + <term><command>pwck</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Verifies the integrity of the password files + <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and + <filename>/etc/shadow</filename></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck"> + <primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pwconv"> + <term><command>pwconv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal + password file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv"> + <primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pwunconv"> + <term><command>pwunconv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from + <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv"> + <primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sg"> + <term><command>sg</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Executes a given command while the user's GID + is set to that of the given group</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg"> + <primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="su"> + <term><command>su</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su"> + <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="useradd"> + <term><command>useradd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default + new-user information</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd"> + <primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="userdel"> + <term><command>userdel</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Deletes the given user account</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel"> + <primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="usermod"> + <term><command>usermod</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is used to modify the given user's login name, User + Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod"> + <primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="vigr"> + <term><command>vigr</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or + <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr"> + <primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="vipw"> + <term><command>vipw</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or + <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw"> + <primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="libshadow"> + <term><filename class="libraryfile">libshadow</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Contains functions used by most programs in this package</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libshadow"> + <primary sortas="c-libshadow">libshadow</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + </sect2> + +</sect1> |