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diff --git a/chapter06/systemd.xml.next b/chapter06/systemd.xml.next new file mode 100644 index 000000000..306ca901f --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/systemd.xml.next @@ -0,0 +1,678 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ + <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> + %general-entities; +]> + +<sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap"> + <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?> + + <sect1info condition="script"> + <productname>systemd</productname> + <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber> + <address>&systemd-url;</address> + </sect1info> + + <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd"> + <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary> + </indexterm> + + <sect2 role="package"> + <title/> + + <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup, + running, and shutdown of the system.</para> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> + <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>&systemd-ch6-sbu;</seg> + <seg>&systemd-ch6-du;</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + </sect2> + + <sect2 role="installation"> + <title>Installation of systemd</title> + + <para>First, create a file to allow systemd to build when using Util-Linux + built in Chapter 5 and disable LTO by default:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="pre">cat > config.cache << "EOF" +<literal>KILL=/bin/kill +HAVE_BLKID=1 +BLKID_LIBS="-lblkid" +BLKID_CFLAGS="-I/tools/include/blkid" +cc_cv_CFLAGS__flto=no</literal> +EOF</userinput></screen> + + <para>LTO is disabled by default because it causes <command>systemd</command> + and other auxiliary programs to link to <filename + class="library">libgcc_s.so</filename>, slows the build down and makes the + compiled code larger.</para> + + <para>Additionally, fix a build error when using Util-Linux built in + Chapter 5:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i "s:blkid/::" $(grep -rl "blkid/blkid.h")</userinput></screen> + + <para>Apply a patch so that compat <command>pkg-config</command> files get + installed without installing compat libs which are useless on LFS:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&systemd-compat-patch;</userinput></screen> + + <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \ + --sysconfdir=/etc \ + --localstatedir=/var \ + --config-cache \ + --with-rootprefix= \ + --with-rootlibdir=/lib \ + --enable-split-usr \ + --disable-gudev \ + --disable-ldconfig \ + --without-python \ + --docdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \ + --with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \ + --with-dbusinterfacedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces \ + --with-dbussessionservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/services \ + --with-dbussystemservicedir=/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services</userinput></screen> + + <variablelist> + <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--config-cache</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>This switch tells the build system to use + the <filename>config.cache</filename> file which + was created earlier.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--with-root*</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>These switches ensure that core programs and + shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories + of the root partition.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--enable-split-usr</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on + systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not + symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--disable-gudev --without-python</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>These switches disable optional features because + LFS does not provide their dependencies.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--disable-ldconfig</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd + unit that runs <command>ldconfig</command> at + boot, making the boot time longer. Remove it if the + described feature is desired, even though it's not + useful for source distributions such as LFS.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--with-dbus*</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>These switches ensure that D-Bus configuration files + get installed in the correct locations.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + <para>Compile the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="make">make LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib</userinput></screen> + + <para>If you are going to run the test suite, first prevent a few test + cases from running because they fail in a chroot environment:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -e "s:test/udev-test.pl::g" \ + -e "s:test-bus-cleanup\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-bus-gvariant\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-dhcp6-client\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-journal-flush\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-path-util\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-sched-prio\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -e "s:test-strv\$(EXEEXT) ::g" \ + -i Makefile</userinput></screen> + + <para>To test the results, issue:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen> + + <para>Install the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib install</userinput></screen> + + <para>Prevent systemd units that are not needed on a LFS system from running:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -fv /lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/systemd-{firstboot,sysusers,update-done}.service</userinput></screen> + + <para>Move NSS libraries to <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libnss_{myhostname,mymachines,resolve}.so.2 /lib</userinput></screen> + + <para>Remove an unnecessary directory:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen> + + <para>Create the Sysvinit compatibility symlinks, so systemd is used + as the default init system:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do + ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/${tool} +done +ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen> + + <para>Remove a reference to a non-existent group:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">sed -i "s:0775 root lock:0755 root root:g" /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf</userinput></screen> + + <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by + Journald:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content"> + <title>Contents of systemd</title> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> + <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle> + <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt, hostnamectl, init, journalctl, + kernel-install, localectl, loginctl, machinectl, networkctl, poweroff, + reboot, runlevel, shutdown, systemctl, systemd-analyze, + systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, + systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-escape, systemd-firstboot, + systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, + systemd-path, systemd-run, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-sysusers, + systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, telinit, timedatectl, + and udevadm</seg> + <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2, libnss_resolve.so.2, + libsystemd.so, libudev.so</seg> + <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d, + /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev, + /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd, + /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d, + /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/sysusers.d, + /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, + /usr/share/factory, /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, + /var/log/journal</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + <variablelist> + <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> + <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> + <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> + + <varlistentry id="bootctl"> + <term><command>bootctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>used to query the firmware and boot manager settings.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl"> + <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="busctl"> + <term><command>busctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl"> + <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="coredumpctl"> + <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd Journal</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl"> + <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="halt"> + <term><command>halt</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the + <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0, + then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the + file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being + brought down.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt"> + <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="hostnamectl"> + <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query and change the system hostname and related + settings.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl"> + <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="init"> + <term><command>init</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized + the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all the + proceses it is instructed to.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init"> + <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="journalctl"> + <term><command>journalctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query the contents of the systemd Journal.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl"> + <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="kernel-install"> + <term><command>kernel-install</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and + from /boot.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install"> + <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="localectl"> + <term><command>localectl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout + settings.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl"> + <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="loginctl"> + <term><command>loginctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login + Manager.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl"> + <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="machinectl"> + <term><command>machinectl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual + Machine and Container Registration Manager</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl"> + <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="poweroff"> + <term><command>poweroff</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer + (see <command>halt</command>).</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff"> + <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="reboot"> + <term><command>reboot</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see + <command>halt</command>).</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot"> + <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="runlevel"> + <term><command>runlevel</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the + last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel"> + <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="shutdown"> + <term><command>shutdown</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes + and notifying all logged-in users.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown"> + <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemctl"> + <term><command>systemctl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system and + service manager.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl"> + <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze"> + <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to determine system boot-up performance of the current boot. + </para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password"> + <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query a system password or passphrase from the user, using a + question message specified on the command line.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-cat"> + <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal. + </para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls"> + <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control group + hierarchy in a tree.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop"> + <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group hierarchy, + ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-delta"> + <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to identify and compare configuration files in + <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default + counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt"> + <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Detects execution in a virtualized environment.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-escape"> + <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit names.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-firstboot"> + <term><command>systemd-firstboot</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Initializes the most basic system settings interactively on the + first boot.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-firstboot"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-firstboot">systemd-firstboot</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit"> + <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle inhibitor lock + taken.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup"> + <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID stored in + <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a randomly + generated ID.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-notify"> + <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status changes. + </para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn"> + <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace container.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-path"> + <term><command>systemd-path</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query system and user paths.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-run"> + <term><command>systemd-run</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit and + run the specified command in it.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + +<!-- <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge"> + <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>To be completed</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> --> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-sysusers"> + <term><command>systemd-sysusers</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates system users and groups, based on the file format and location + specified in <filename class="directory">sysusers.d</filename>.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-sysusers"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-sysusers">systemd-sysusers</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles"> + <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories, + based on the configuration file format and location specified in + <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent"> + <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to list or process pending systemd password requests</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent"> + <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="telinit"> + <term><command>telinit</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit"> + <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="timedatectl"> + <term><command>timedatectl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Used to query and change the system clock and its settings. + </para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl"> + <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="udevadm"> + <term><command>udevadm</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Generic Udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon, + provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for + uevents to finish, tests Udev configuration, and triggers uevents + for a given device.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm"> + <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="libsystemd"> + <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>systemd utility library.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd"> + <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="libudev"> + <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>A library to access Udev device information.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev"> + <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + </sect2> + +</sect1> |