Before we start creating directories, we need to check the base system's umask setting. To do this, we run umask. The result should be 022. If it isn't, then run the following command to ensure that the directories will be created with the correct permissions: umask 022 We would advise you to make sure that the umask is set to 022 throughout your LFS installation. Let's now create the directory tree on the LFS partition based on the FHS standard, which can be found at http://www.pathname.com/fhs/. Issuing the following commands will create a default directory layout: cd $LFS && mkdir -p bin boot dev/pts etc/opt home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp var opt && for dirname in $LFS/usr $LFS/usr/local    do    mkdir $dirname    cd $dirname    mkdir bin etc include lib sbin share src var    ln -s share/man man    ln -s share/doc doc    ln -s share/info info    cd $dirname/share    mkdir dict doc info locale man nls misc terminfo zoneinfo    cd $dirname/share/man    mkdir man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} done cd $LFS/var && mkdir -p lock log mail run spool tmp opt cache lib/misc local && cd $LFS/opt && mkdir bin doc include info lib man && cd $LFS/usr && ln -s ../var/tmp tmp Normally, directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't desired for all directories. The first change is a mode 0750 for the $LFS/root directory. This is to make sure that not just everybody can enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with /home/username directories). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp directories. This way, any user can write data to the /tmp or /var/tmp directory but cannot remove another user's files (the latter is caused by the so-called "sticky bit" - bit 1 of the 1777 bit mask). cd $LFS && chmod 0750 root && chmod 1777 tmp var/tmp Now that the directories are created, copy the source files that were downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under $LFS/usr/src (you will need to create the desired directory yourself). The FHS stipulates that the /usr/local directory should contain the bin, games,include, lib, man, sbin, and share subdirectories. You can alter your /usr/local directory yourself if you want your system to be FHS-compliant. Also, the standard says that there should exist a /usr/share/games directory, which we don't much like for a base system. But feel free to make your system FHS-compliant if you wish. The FHS isn't precise as to the structure of the /usr/local/share subdirectories, so we took the liberty of creating the directories that we felt needed.