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| author | William Harrington <kb0iic@berzerkula.org> | 2014-11-27 16:29:31 -0600 |
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| committer | William Harrington <kb0iic@berzerkula.org> | 2014-11-27 16:29:31 -0600 |
| commit | 7df987a652b93d55dd8eca363706d3bacc469b55 (patch) | |
| tree | 17f84ce0fee76a3a0476b714eae09486ab2470e6 /tmp/lfs-html.xml | |
Diffstat (limited to 'tmp/lfs-html.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | tmp/lfs-html.xml | 1209 |
1 files changed, 1209 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tmp/lfs-html.xml b/tmp/lfs-html.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94b08a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/tmp/lfs-html.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1209 @@ +<?xml version="1.0"?> +<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd"> +<!-- This document was created with Syntext Serna Free. --> +<book> + <bookinfo> + <title>LFS live howto</title> + <subtitle>Version 0.3</subtitle> + <authorgroup> + <author> + <firstname>JP</firstname> + <surname>Hauradou</surname> + </author> + <author> + <firstname>Jonathan</firstname> + <surname>Norman</surname> + </author> + <author> + <firstname>Sander</firstname> + <surname>van Ginkel</surname> + </author> + </authorgroup> + <copyright id="copyright"> + <year>2011</year> + <holder>JP Hauradou</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + <para>Copyright (c) 2011, JP Hauradou</para> + <para> LinuxFromScratch is Copyright (c) 1999-2011, Gerard Beekmans</para> + <para>All rights reserved.</para> + <para>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS + <quote>AS IS</quote> AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, + BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS + FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR + CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, + EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, + PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; + OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, + WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR + OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF + ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para> + <para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU + Free Documentation License"</para> + </legalnotice> + </bookinfo> +<!--<preface id="preface"> + <title>Preface</title> +<para>to do</para> +</preface>--> <part id="part1"> + <title>Introduction</title> + <chapter> + <title>Before we start</title> + <sect1 id="intro-why"> + <?dbhtml filename="why.html"?> + + <title>Why this howto ?</title> + + <para>After building LFS and a lot of packages from BLFS (Desktop, ...), I wondered if I could just copy my system on a dvd or a usb key, so that I could run my usual apps on some other computer. + </para> + <para>I found some useful documentation on the web, and decided to write this little hint. See <xref linkend="links"/>. + </para> + +</sect1> + </chapter> +<!-- + <?dbhtml filename="part1.html"?> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="why.xml"/> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="prerequisites.xml"/> + +Why this article ? --> </part> + <part id="part2"> + <title>Needed packages</title> + <chapter id="chapter1"> + <title>packages</title> + <!-- This document was created with Syntext Serna Free. --><sect1 id="squashfs" xreflabel="squashfs 4.2"> +<?dbhtml filename="squashfs.html"?> <title>Squashfs 4.2</title> + <note><para>This chapter is mandatory for building the livecd. The livekey doesn't need it as we will show later</para></note> + <para/> + <sect2 role="package"> + <title>Introduction to Squashfs</title> + <para>The <application moreinfo="none">Squashfs</application> package contains a highly compressed read-only filesystem for Linux.</para> + <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> + <listitem> + <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/squashfs/squashfs4.2.tar.gz"/></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </sect2> + <sect2 role="installation"> + <title>Installing squashfs-tools</title> + <para>Assuming you are in the squashfs 4.2 source directory, install Squashfs by running the following + commands:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd squashfs-tools && make</userinput></screen> + <para>Then, as user root, run the following: + </para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp -v unsquashfs mksquashfs /usr/bin </userinput></screen> + </sect2> +</sect1> + <sect1 id="git" xreflabel="git 1.7.7"> +<?dbhtml filename="git.html"?> <title>GIT</title> + <note><para>This chapter is mandatory for building the livecd.</para></note> + <para/> + <sect2 role="package"> + <title>Introduction to GIT</title> + <para>GIT is a version control system, mainly used by the linux kernel maintainers, but other developers use it as well as the developers of AUFS</para> + <para>To download AUFS in the next chapter we need to be able to checkout the AUFS branch. So we need to install GIT first</para> + <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> + <listitem> + <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="http://git-core.googlecode.com/files/git-1.7.7.tar.gz"/></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Install GIT</title> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">./configure --prefix=/usr +make</userinput></screen> + <para>Now install GIT as root:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">make install</userinput></screen> + </sect2> +</sect1> + <!-- This document was created with Syntext Serna Free. --><sect1 id="aufs" xreflabel="aufs"> +<?dbhtml filename="aufs.html"?> <title>aufs</title> + <note><para>This chapter is mandatory for building the livecd. The livekey doesn't need it as we will show later</para></note> + <para/> + <sect2 role="package"> + <title>Introduction to aufs</title> + <para>AUFS (Another Union File System) is as the name states, an union filesystem service. It allows files and directories of separate file systems, known as branches, to be transparently overlaid, forming a single coherent file system. Contents of directories which have the same path within the merged branches will be seen together in a single merged directory, within the new, virtual filesystem. </para> + <para>Versioning of AUFS is parallel to the kernel version. For kernel 2.x you'll need AUFS2 and for the new kernel 3.x you'll need AUFS3.</para> + <para>As stated in the previous chapter, we need to checkout AUFS from GIT.</para> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Checking out AUFS</title> + <para>Assuming we are using kernel 3.0.4:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">git clone git://aufs.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/aufs/aufs3-standalone.git aufs3-standalone.git +cd aufs3-standalone.git +git checkout origin/aufs3.0</userinput></screen> +<para/> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Copying the sources</title> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp -r fs <location of kernel source> +cp -r include <location of kernel source> +cp config.mk <location of kernel source></userinput></screen> +<para/> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Patching the kernel</title> + <para>Now, cd to your kernel source top level directory and run the following command:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">patch -Np1 -i <location of patch>/aufs3-base.patch +patch -Np1 -i <location of patch>/aufs3-kbuild.patch +patch -Np1 -i <location of patch>/aufs3-standalone.patch</userinput></screen> + <para/> + </sect2> +</sect1> + <sect1 id="busybox" xreflabel="busybox 1.19.2"> +<?dbhtml filename="busybox.html"?> <title>busybox 1.19.2</title> + <note><para>This chapter is mandatory for both the livecd and the livekey. Busybox is used in the initrd which will be discussed later in the book.</para></note> + <para/> + <sect2 role="package"> + <title>Introduction to busybox</title> + <para>Busybox is a utility that combines many common utilities in one. Although the functions provided by busybox would have limited options, in compare with the original utility, it would be often sufficient to do simple tasks. In this way you can save crucial space, like in a small initial ramdisk.</para> + <para>Busybox can be build staticly easily so we don't have to care about the shared libraries.</para> + <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> + <listitem> + <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="http://www.busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.19.2.tar.bz2"/></para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </sect2> + <sect2> + <title>Building busybox</title> + <para>In the root of the sourcedir:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">make mrproper +make allnoconfig </userinput></screen> + <para>"make mrproper" will cleanup the sourcedir, previous config files etc. will be removed.</para> + <para>"make allnoconfig" will make a simple config file with all options disabled.</para> + <para/> + <para>Modify the config, so that we enable only the necessary functions. Note that this can be done by "make menuconfig" but for the sake of simplicity we modify the config with sed.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALLER is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALLER=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_INSTALL_NO_USR is not set/CONFIG_INSTALL_NO_USR=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_LONG_OPTS is not set/CONFIG_LONG_OPTS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_STATIC is not set/CONFIG_STATIC=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_LFS is not set/CONFIG_LFS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_CAT is not set/CONFIG_CAT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_TEST is not set/CONFIG_TEST=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_TEST_64 is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_TEST_64=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_CUT is not set/CONFIG_CUT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ECHO is not set/CONFIG_ECHO=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_ECHO is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_ECHO=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_SLEEP is not set/CONFIG_SLEEP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_SLEEP is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_SLEEP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_FLOAT_SLEEP is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_FLOAT_SLEEP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_USLEEP is not set/CONFIG_USLEEP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_MODINFO is not set/CONFIG_MODINFO=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_INSMOD is not set/CONFIG_INSMOD=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_RMMOD is not set/CONFIG_RMMOD=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_LSMOD is not set/CONFIG_LSMOD=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_MODPROBE is not set/CONFIG_MODPROBE=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_BLACKLIST is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_BLACKLIST=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_DEPMOD is not set/CONFIG_DEPMOD=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_TRY_MMAP is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_TRY_MMAP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_TAINTED_MODULE is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_TAINTED_MODULE=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_ALIAS is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_ALIAS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_SYMBOLS is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_SYMBOLS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/CONFIG_DEFAULT_MODULES_DIR=""/CONFIG_DEFAULT_MODULES_DIR="\/lib\/modules"/' -i .config +sed -e 's/CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEPMOD_FILE=""/CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEPMOD_FILE="modules.dep"/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FINDFS is not set/CONFIG_FINDFS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_MOUNT is not set/CONFIG_MOUNT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FAKE is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FAKE=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LABEL is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LABEL=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FLAGS is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FLAGS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT is not set/CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_UMOUNT is not set/CONFIG_UMOUNT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_UMOUNT_ALL is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_UMOUNT_ALL=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP_CREATE is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP_CREATE=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_VOLUMEID is not set/CONFIG_VOLUMEID=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXT is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ISO9660 is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ISO9660=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UDF is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UDF=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ROMFS is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ROMFS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SYSV is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SYSV=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH is not set/CONFIG_ASH=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_BASH_COMPAT is not set/CONFIG_ASH_BASH_COMPAT=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_JOB_CONTROL is not set/CONFIG_ASH_JOB_CONTROL=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_ALIAS is not set/CONFIG_ASH_ALIAS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_GETOPTS is not set/CONFIG_ASH_GETOPTS=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_ECHO is not set/CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_ECHO=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_PRINTF is not set/CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_PRINTF=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_TEST is not set/CONFIG_ASH_BUILTIN_TEST=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_CMDCMD is not set/CONFIG_ASH_CMDCMD=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_ASH_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE is not set/CONFIG_ASH_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_ASH is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_ASH=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/# CONFIG_FEATURE_BASH_IS_ASH is not set/CONFIG_FEATURE_BASH_IS_ASH=y/' -i .config +sed -e 's/CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_NONE=y/# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_NONE is not set/' -i .config +sed -e 's/CONFIG_FEATURE_BASH_IS_NONE=y/# CONFIG_FEATURE_BASH_IS_NONE is not set/' -i .config </userinput></screen> + <para>Build the executable:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">make </userinput></screen> + <para>Now we have a static build busybox. Keep it for later use.</para> + </sect2> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="part3"> + <title>Reconfiguring the Linux Kernel</title> + <chapter> + <title>Essential step</title> + <sect1 id="essential"> + <?dbhtml filename="essential.html"?> + + <title>Reconfiguring the Kernel</title> + <note><para>This chapter is mandatory for building the livecd. The livekey only need an new kernel if you haven't enabled support for USB,EXT2/EXT3,SCSI and initial ramdisk</para></note> + <para>After having patched your kernel sources with aufs, you will have to configure your kernel to enable the new features.</para> + <para>Use your favorite configuration tool, like <quote>make menuconfig</quote>.</para> + <important> + <para>As you will use your actual LFS system and maybe make a few changes in it, you should now backup your present kernel config, located in /boot/config-<kernel-version>.</para> + </important> + <para>Enable <quote>Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support</quote> in <quote>General setup</quote>.</para> + <para>If you want your live system to boot on most architectures, you will have to enable Block layer SG support v4 (in menuconfig->Enable the block layer).</para> + <para>In <quote>Processor type and features</quote>, select <quote>386</quote> as <quote>Processor family</quote></para> + <para>You will have to enable loopback device support and ramdisk support in <quote>Device Drivers->Block devices</quote></para> + <para>If you plan to build a live usb key, you will have to say yes to <quote>USB support</quote> and to <quote>Support for Host-side USB</quote>, as well as <quote>UHCI HCD support</quote>, <quote>OHCI HCD support</quote> and <quote>EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support</quote>. Say yes (y) to <quote>USB Mass Storage support</quote> also.</para> + <para>You will also need <quote>SCSI device support: SCSI disk support</quote>.</para> + <para/> + <para>If you plan to build a live cd or dvd, make sure you build the following modules direct into the kernel (* not m) :</para> + <para>*<quote>SCSI device support->SCSI CDROM support</quote></para> + <para>*<quote>SCSI generic support</quote></para> + <para>*<quote>ISO 9660 CDROM file system support</quote> in CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems</para> + <para>*<quote>PATA support.</quote></para> + <para/> + <para>Last, but not least, enable AUFS and SquashFS, in <quote>File systems->Miscellaneous filesystems</quote> + </para> + <para>After configuration, just build and install your kernel. + </para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="part4"> + <title>Preparing the build</title> + <chapter> + <title>initrd</title> + <!-- This document was created with Syntext Serna Free. --><sect1 id="initrd"> +<?dbhtml filename="initrd.html"?> <title> Building the initramfs image</title> +<note><para>This chapter is mandatory for both the livecd and the livekey.</para></note> + <para>To boot our live system, we will need an initramfs image, which will contain a couple of utilities and kernel modules, necessary to find our rootfs and mount it. + </para> + <para>Create a directory structure:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mkdir -p initramfs/{bin,sbin,dev/{pts,shm},etc,proc,sys,rtmnt,lib}</userinput></screen> + <para>Copy busybox which we created in the chapter <xref linkend="busybox"/> to the bin directory</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp <path-to-busybox-builddir>/busybox initramfs/bin </userinput></screen> + <para>Busybox can install symlinks for the desired utilities itself, however this can be done until the init script is running. So for some utilities that we need before this stage, we need to create the symlinks our selfs.</para> + <para><screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">ln -s /bin/busybox initramfs/bin/ash +ln -s /bin/busybox initramfs/bin/mount </userinput></screen></para> + <para>We need access to some devicenodes before udev starts:</para> + <para><screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mknod initramfs/dev/null c 1 3 +mknod initramfs/dev/tty c 5 0 +mknod initramfs/dev/console c 5 1 </userinput></screen></para> + <para>Add the necessary kernel modules:</para> + <para><screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">for filename in sd_mod usbcore ehci-hcd usb-storage usb-libusual uhci-hcd ext3 mbcache jbd +do + find /lib/modules/`uname -r` -name "$filename"* -exec cp -r --parents {} initramfs \; +done</userinput></screen></para> + <para>This will search for the given modules, and copy them to the initramfs</para> + <para>Now we need to create the initscript:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cat > initramfs/init << "EOF" +#!/bin/ash + +PATH=/bin:/sbin + +# Mount proc and sysfs + +mount -t proc none /proc +mount -t sysfs none /sys +mount -t devtmpfs none /dev + +# Unpack the busybox + +/bin/busybox --install -s + +# Add modules + +if [ -z $(ls /lib/modules/) ]; then + + depmod -a + + modprobe sd_mod + modprobe usbcore + modprobe ehci-hcd + modprobe usb-storage + modprobe ext3 + +fi + +# Check the command line + +initfile="/sbin/init" +root="" + +# Check the parameterlist for rootdelay + +for arg in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do + case $arg in + + rootdelay=*) + dt=$(echo $arg | cut -d= -f2) + sleep $dt + ;; + esac +done + +# Check the parameterlist for UUID= and LABEL= + +for arg in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do + case $arg in + + root=*) + option=$(echo $arg | cut -d= -f2) + + if [ $option == "LABEL" ] ; then + root=$(findfs LABEL=$(echo $arg | cut -d= -f3)) + fi + + if [ $option == "UUID" ] ; then + root=$(findfs UUID=$(echo $arg | cut -d= -f3)) + fi + + ;; + + init=*) + initfile=$(echo "$@" | cut -d "=" -f 2 ) + + ;; + + esac +done + +if [ $root != "" ] ; then + + mount "${root}" /rtmnt + + if [[ -x "/rtmnt/${initfile}" ]] ; then + + umount /dev + umount /sys + umount /proc + + exec switch_root /rtmnt "${initfile}" + fi +fi + +# We shouldn't come here + +exec ash +EOF +chmod 0755 initramfs/init</userinput></screen> + <para>Pack our stuff:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd initramfs +find ./ | cpio -H newc -o > ../initrd +cd .. +gzip initrd</userinput></screen> +<para>Keep our created initrd.gz for later use.</para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter> + <title>Preparing install</title> + <!-- This document was created with Syntext Serna Free. --><sect1 id="about_usb"> +<?dbhtml filename="about_media.html"?> <title>Creating a linux Filesystem</title> + <note><para>The commands in the remainder of this book must be performed while logged in as user root</para></note> + <para>The rest of this chapter assumes you already installed needed packages. If it's not the case, you should go to <xref linkend="squashfs"/> + You should also have configured your kernel properly, as described in <xref linkend="essential"/> + </para> + <para>Now it's time to assemble our live system.</para> + <para>First let's define the name of our system, this name will be given to our media: cd/dvd/usbkey/usbdrive.</para> + <para>The cd/dvd choice will be further mentioned as the ISO live system, the usbkey, usbdrive or usbstick will be mentioned as the usb live system</para> + <para>export the name of our system:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">export LFSLIVE=lfslive</userinput></screen> + <para>create and export the mount point:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">export LFSMOUNT=/mnt/LFS +mkdir -pv $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>If you plan to create an ISO live system, create some space to store the complete system plus some extra space. App. 1,5 times the size of the system will do, +after you reserved some space, create a link to the folder:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mount --bind <path to LFSspace> $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>Or if you use a dedicated partition mount it:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mount /dev/<device> $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>you can now continue with <xref linkend="building_iso"/></para> + <para/> + <para>For use of the usb live system, it's time to create some free space on it and create partitions, just like we do in the LFS book; +Make an ext2 or ext3 file system on it and a small swap partition.</para> + <para>First, open the key with your favorite partitioning program, eg. cfdisk or fdisk or some other, and remove any partition already existing on it. +Then, create one primary partition on the usb stick.</para> + <para>You will then have to create ext2/ext3 filesystem on the partition you created, using:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mke2fs -j -L $LFSLIVE /dev/<sd?1></userinput></screen> + <para>Where sd?1 is the flash drive partition for the livekey</para> + <para>And mount it:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mount /dev/<device> $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>Now that the filesystem has been set up on the usb-media, go to <xref linkend="building_usb"/></para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="part5"> + <title>the USB live system</title> + <chapter> + <title>Building the USB live system</title> + <sect1 id="building_usb"> + <?dbhtml filename="building.html"?> + <title>Building the USB live system</title> + <para>Creating the USB live system is quite easy. Either install your LFS/BLS system on the USB media, if you used a package manager, or copy your system to the USB media:</para> + <para>Because you're propably running the wanted system now, let's repeat a little part of the LFS book; create the directory structure</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mkdir -pv -m 755 $LFSMOUNT/{bin,boot,dev/{pts,shm},etc,home,include,lib,media,mnt,opt,proc,run,sbin,share,srv,sys,usr} +mkdir -pv -m 755 $LFSMOUNT/var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local,log,mail,spool} +install -dv -m 0750 $LFSMOUNT/root +install -dv -m 1777 $LFSMOUNT/tmp $LFSMOUNT/var/tmp +ln -s /run $LFSMOUNT/var/run +ln -s /run/lock $LFSMOUNT/var/lock</userinput></screen> + <para>Udev populates /dev so copying /dev is not necessary. However create some basic device nodes:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mknod -m 600 $LFSMOUNT/dev/console c 5 1 +mknod -m 666 $LFSMOUNT/dev/null c 1 3 +mknod $LFSMOUNT/dev/ram0 b 1 0 </userinput></screen> + <para>Now copy the system:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp -av /bin /boot /etc /include /lib /opt /sbin /share /srv /usr $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>Modify mtab and fstab in etc</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">echo "" > $LFSMOUNT/etc/mtab +echo "# Begin /etc/fstab" > $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "# file system mount-point type options dump fsck" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "# order" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "LABEL=$LFSLIVE / ext3 defaults 1 1" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +echo "# End /etc/fstab" >> $LFSMOUNT/etc/fstab +</userinput></screen> + + <para>Copy our previous created initrd.gz to /boot of the media.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp <PATH-TO-INITRD>/initrd.gz $LFSMOUNT/boot</userinput></screen> + <para/> +</sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter> + <title>Making the USB live system bootable</title> + <sect1> + <?dbhtml filename="bootable_usb.html"?> + <title>Making the USB live system bootable</title> + <para>This chapter assume you use grub2 for your LFS.</para> + <para>Install the GRUB files into /boot/grub, assuming you are installing LFS on sda[x]:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mount --bind /dev $LFSMOUNT/dev +mount --bind /sys $LFSMOUNT/sys +mount --bind /proc $LFSMOUNT/proc +chroot $LFSMOUNT +grub-install /dev/sda +exit +umount $LFSMOUNT/proc +umount $LFSMOUNT/sys +umount $LFSMOUNT/dev</userinput></screen> + <para>Issue the following to create the file grub.cfg:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd $LFSMOUNT +echo 'menuentry "LFS" {' > boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " search -n -l $LFSLIVE -s" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " linux /boot/lfskernel root=LABEL=$LFSLIVE quiet rootdelay=10" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " initrd /boot/initrd.gz" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo "}" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +</userinput></screen> + <para>Rename kernel, according to menu.lst:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mv -v boot/lfskernel-<version> boot/lfskernel</userinput></screen> + <para>Where <version> is your kernel version</para> + <para>Enjoy the livekey !</para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="part6"> + <title>the ISO live system</title> + <chapter> + <title>Building the ISO live system</title> + <sect1 id="building_iso"> + <?dbhtml filename="building_iso.html"?> + <title>Building the ISO live system</title> + <para>As we want to put a whole system on little space, we will squash some directories to have some more free space on the cd or dvd. + </para> + <para> + Before squashing, we have some work to do + </para> + <para>Issue the following: </para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> + <para>As the system won't be writable, we have to provide a directory that will be mounted on tmpfs and will, therefore, be writable to ensure a successful boot.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mkdir -v ro rw dev</userinput></screen> + <para>Make sure you have support for loopback device in your kernel:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">ls -l /dev | grep loop</userinput></screen> + <para>You should see a few /dev/loopX, where X is a number from 0 to 7. If this is not the case, and the loopback is supported as a kernel module, try to modprobe the module and retry again:</para> +<screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">modprobe loop +ls -l /dev | grep loop</userinput></screen> + + <para>Create some essential files in the dev directory</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1 +mknod -m 666 dev/null c 1 3 +cp -av /dev/loop[0-7] dev/ +mknod dev/ram0 b 1 0</userinput></screen> + <para>Copy the /etc directory</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp -av /etc .</userinput></screen> + <para>Modify some files in it</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">echo "" > etc/mtab +cat > etc/fstab << "EOF" +# Begin /etc/fstab + +# file system mount-point type options dump fsck +# order + +proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 +sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 +devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0 +tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0 +usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs devgid=14,devmode=0660 0 0 + +# End /etc/fstab +EOF</userinput></screen> + <para>While booting, we will have to copy some directories in shared memory, and mount a root filesystem on it. This has to be done in the first bootscript.</para> + <sect2> + <title>Creating bootscript</title> + <para>issue the following to create a new bootscript:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd etc/rc.d/init.d +cat > mountrootfs << "EOF" +#!/bin/sh + +# Set up variables + +dir_rw=/rw +dir_ro=/ro + +# Source functions + +source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions + +case "$1" in + start) + +# Mount temporary files on $dir_rw + + echo "Mounting tmpfs on $dir_rw..." + mount -t tmpfs tmpfs $dir_rw + evaluate_retval + sleep 1 + +# Create essential dirs in dir_rw + + mkdir $dir_rw/{dev,etc,home,media,mnt} + mkdir $dir_rw/{opt,root,srv,tmp,usr,var} + +# If you have some other dirs in $LFSMOUNT/ like sources +# Add them to that list, eg: mkdir -v $dir_rw/sources + +mount -n -t squashfs root.sqsh ro -o loop +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/etc=rw:$dir_ro/etc=ro aufs etc +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/usr=rw:$dir_ro/usr=ro aufs usr +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/tmp=rw:$dir_ro/tmp=ro aufs tmp +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/var=rw:$dir_ro/var=ro aufs var +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/dev=rw:$dir_ro/dev=ro aufs dev +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/home=rw:$dir_ro/home=ro aufs home +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/media=rw:$dir_ro/media=ro aufs media +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/mnt=rw:$dir_ro/mnt=ro aufs mnt +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/opt=rw:$dir_ro/opt=ro aufs opt +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/root=rw:$dir_ro/root=ro aufs root +mount -n -t aufs -o dirs=$dir_rw/srv=rw:$dir_ro/srv=ro aufs srv +chmod 1777 /tmp + + ;; + *) + echo "Usage: $0 {start}" + exit 1 + ;; +esac +EOF +chmod 0754 mountrootfs</userinput></screen> + <para>Inspect the contents of etc/rc.d/rcS.d</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">ls -l ../rcS.d</userinput></screen> + <para>You should see a list beginning with S00mountvirtfs, S02consolelog, ...</para><para>Now, issue:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd ../rcS.d +mv -v S00mountvirtfs S01mountvirtfs +ln -sv ../init.d/mountrootfs S00mountrootfs +</userinput></screen> + <para>The live system can not be checked with fsck so remove these bootscripts</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">rm S30checkfs +rm S40mountfs +rm S45cleanfs +</userinput></screen> +</sect2> +<sect2> + <title>About the var directory</title> + <para>As we are just copying our system, we will need the var directory while booting. We have to remove pid and sockets file from it.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd $LFSMOUNT +cp -av /var . +cd var +rm log/*.log +for FILE in `find . -type f -name '*pid'` + do rm $FILE +done +for FILE in `find . -type s` + do rm $FILE +done +rm -rf tmp/* +cd $LFSMOUNT</userinput></screen> +</sect2> +<sect2> + <title>Squashing directories</title> + <para>Create tmp, root and other directories, then squash all. When squashing, you might not want to add some file or directory. Add files to the -e option of mksquashfs if you wish.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mkdir -pv home media mnt opt proc root run srv sys tmp usr ro/{dev,etc,home,media,mnt,opt,root,srv,tmp,usr,var} +mksquashfs dev etc /home /media mnt /opt /root /srv tmp /usr var root.sqsh -keep-as-directory -info +rm -r var/* +</userinput></screen> + <para>Copy dirs that won't be squashed:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp -av /bin /boot /lib /sbin .</userinput></screen> + <para>Copy our previous created initrd.gz to /boot of the media.</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cp <PATH-TO-INITRD>/initrd.gz $LFSMOUNT/boot</userinput></screen> + <para/> +</sect2> +</sect1> + </chapter> + <chapter> + <title>Making the ISO live system bootable</title> + <sect1> + <?dbhtml filename="bootable_iso.html"?> + <title>Making the ISO live system bootable</title> + <para>This chapter assume you use grub2 for your LFS. Issue the following to modify the file grub.cfg:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">cd $LFSMOUNT +echo 'menuentry "LFS" {' > boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " search -n -l $LFSLIVE -s" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " linux /boot/lfskernel root=LABEL=$LFSLIVE quiet" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo " initrd /boot/initrd.gz" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +echo "}" >> boot/grub/grub.cfg +</userinput></screen> + <para>Rename kernel, according to menu.lst:</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">mv -v boot/lfskernel-<version> boot/lfskernel</userinput></screen> + <para>Where <version> is your kernel version</para> + <para>Create our ISO::</para> + <screen format="linespecific"><userinput moreinfo="none">export ISODIR=<path to the dir where you want to store your ISO> +cd $LFSMOUNT +grub-mkrescue -o $ISODIR/livecd.iso -V $LFSLIVE $LFSMOUNT && +unset ISODIR</userinput></screen> + <para> Now, you can burn your image on a cd or dvd, and enjoy the livecd !</para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="part7"> + <title>References</title> + <chapter> + <title>Bibliography</title> + <sect1 id="links"> + <?dbhtml filename="links.html"?> + <title> Some useful links on the web </title> + <para> + <ulink url="http://www.culmination.org/Mike/2.6-udev-nptl-bootcd.txt"/> + </para> + <para> + <ulink url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/SquashFS-HOWTO/"/> + </para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <part id="licence"> + <title>License</title> + <chapter> + <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title> + <sect1> + <?dbhtml filename="license.html"?> + <title>GNU Free Documentation License</title> +<para> + Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, + <abbrev>Inc.</abbrev> 51 Franklin <abbrev>St</abbrev>, Fifth Floor, + Boston, <abbrev>MA</abbrev> 02110-1301 <abbrev role="initialism">USA</abbrev>. 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COMBINING DOCUMENTS + </bridgehead> + <para> + You may combine the Document with other documents released under this + License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, + provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections + of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as + Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that + you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. + </para> + <para> + The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple + identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there + are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, + make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in + parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section + if known, or else a unique number. 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However, parties + who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not + have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full + compliance. + </para> + <bridgehead id="FutureRevisions" renderas="sect1"> + 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + </bridgehead> + <para> + The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU + Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be + similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to + address new problems or concerns. See <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>. + </para> + <para> + Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 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If the Document does not specify a version number of this + License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the + Free Software Foundation. + </para> + <bridgehead id="HowToUse" renderas="sect1"> + ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents + </bridgehead> + <para> + To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the + License in the document and put the following copyright and license + notices just after the title page: + </para> + <blockquote> + <para> + Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. + </para> + <para> + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or + any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no + Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A + copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free + Documentation License". + </para> + </blockquote> + <para> + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, + replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + </para> + <blockquote> + <para> + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. + </para> + </blockquote> + <para> + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other + combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the + situation. + </para> + <para> + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we + recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free + software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their + use in free software. + </para> +</sect1> + </chapter> + </part> + <index/> +</book> |