diff options
author | Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@linuxfromscratch.org> | 2004-12-20 17:49:20 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@linuxfromscratch.org> | 2004-12-20 17:49:20 +0000 |
commit | 242448316a5872eb33374716ac12408e9bf2f5ac (patch) | |
tree | 372da8eee42d1983ddf6447c5214b532a3f88f42 /chapter05 | |
parent | fba1478dba9095f0007730e844793ad38d9b5af2 (diff) |
Removed text in chapter 05 - last round.
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@4434 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
Diffstat (limited to 'chapter05')
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/make.xml | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/ncurses.xml | 31 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/patch.xml | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/perl.xml | 21 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/sed.xml | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/stripping.xml | 20 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/tar.xml | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/tcl.xml | 51 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/texinfo.xml | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.xml | 193 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/udev.xml | 14 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | chapter05/util-linux.xml | 14 |
12 files changed, 28 insertions, 391 deletions
diff --git a/chapter05/make.xml b/chapter05/make.xml index 2d8bccdcf..5fa9a6aa1 100644 --- a/chapter05/make.xml +++ b/chapter05/make.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/make.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>8.8 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/make.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -31,21 +28,17 @@ <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/tools</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the program:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>(If you want to test the results, then issue: -<userinput>make check</userinput>.)</para> +<para>To test the results, issue: +<userinput>make check</userinput></para> -<para>Then install it and its documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-make"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/ncurses.xml b/chapter05/ncurses.xml index 9bc86e181..c6edfe343 100644 --- a/chapter05/ncurses.xml +++ b/chapter05/ncurses.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/ncurses.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.7 SBU</seg><seg>26 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/ncurses.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -32,38 +29,14 @@ <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared \ --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite</userinput></screen> -<para>The meaning of the configure options:</para> - -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>--without-ada</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This tells Ncurses not -to build its Ada bindings, even if an Ada compiler is installed on the host. -This must be done because once we enter the chroot environment, Ada will no -longer be available.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>--enable-overwrite</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This tells Ncurses to install its header files into -<filename class="directory">/tools/include</filename> instead of -<filename class="directory">/tools/include/ncurses</filename> to ensure that -other packages can find the Ncurses headers successfully.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para>Compile the programs and libraries:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>Then install them and their documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-ncurses"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/patch.xml b/chapter05/patch.xml index 6f7fa5746..0fe5f59c5 100644 --- a/chapter05/patch.xml +++ b/chapter05/patch.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/patch.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,31 +19,23 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>1.9 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/patch.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Patch</title> -<para>Prepare Patch for compilation (the preprocessor flag -<parameter>-D_GNU_SOURCE</parameter> is only needed on the PowerPC platform, on -other architectures you can leave it out):</para> +<para>Prepare Patch for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>CPPFLAGS=-D_GNU_SOURCE ./configure --prefix=/tools</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the program:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>Then install it and its documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-patch"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/perl.xml b/chapter05/perl.xml index c0de05a45..9c489e1fc 100644 --- a/chapter05/perl.xml +++ b/chapter05/perl.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/perl.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.8 SBU</seg><seg>74 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/perl.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -31,22 +28,10 @@ <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../perl-&perl-version;-libc-1.patch</userinput></screen> -<para>Now prepare Perl for compilation (make sure you get the 'IO Fcntl POSIX' -right, they are all letters):</para> +<para>Now prepare Perl for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>./configure.gnu --prefix=/tools -Dstatic_ext='IO Fcntl POSIX'</userinput></screen> -<para>The meaning of the configure option:</para> - -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>-Dstatic_ext='IO Fcntl POSIX'</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This tells -Perl to build the minimum set of static extensions needed for installing and -testing the Coreutils package in the next chapter.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - <para>Compile only the required tools:</para> <screen><userinput>make perl utilities</userinput></screen> @@ -59,8 +44,4 @@ cp -R lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/&perl-version;</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-perl"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/sed.xml b/chapter05/sed.xml index 265486c96..6de3aa83e 100644 --- a/chapter05/sed.xml +++ b/chapter05/sed.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/sed.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>5.2 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/sed.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -31,21 +28,17 @@ <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/tools</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the program:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>(If you want to test the results, then issue: -<userinput>make check</userinput>.)</para> +<para>To test the results, issue: +<userinput>make check</userinput></para> -<para>Then install it and its documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-sed"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/stripping.xml b/chapter05/stripping.xml index 935f848e6..586df1089 100644 --- a/chapter05/stripping.xml +++ b/chapter05/stripping.xml @@ -7,29 +7,9 @@ <title>Stripping</title> <?dbhtml filename="stripping.html"?> -<para>The steps in this section are optional, but if your LFS partition is -rather small, you will be glad to learn that you can remove some unnecessary -things. The executables and libraries you have built so far contain about 130 -MB of unneeded debugging symbols. Remove those symbols with:</para> - <screen><userinput>strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/* strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/*</userinput></screen> -<para>The last of the above commands will skip some twenty files, reporting -that it doesn't recognize their file format. Most of them are scripts instead -of binaries.</para> - -<para>Take care <emphasis>not</emphasis> to use -<parameter>--strip-unneeded</parameter> on the libraries -- the static ones -would be destroyed and you would have to build the three toolchain packages -all over again.</para> - -<para>To save another 30 MB, you can remove all the documentation:</para> - <screen><userinput>rm -rf /tools/{doc,info,man}</userinput></screen> -<para>You will now need to have at least 850 MB of free space on your LFS -file system to be able to build and install Glibc in the next phase. If you can -build and install Glibc, you can build and install the rest too.</para> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/tar.xml b/chapter05/tar.xml index 62896f359..9602803b5 100644 --- a/chapter05/tar.xml +++ b/chapter05/tar.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/tar.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>10 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/tar.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -31,21 +28,17 @@ <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/tools</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the programs:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>(If you want to test the results, then issue: -<userinput>make check</userinput>.)</para> +<para>To test the results, issue: +<userinput>make check</userinput></para> -<para>Then install them and their documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-tar"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/tcl.xml b/chapter05/tcl.xml index 381cec992..74ee69e07 100644 --- a/chapter05/tcl.xml +++ b/chapter05/tcl.xml @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ <indexterm zone="ch-tools-tcl"><primary sortas="a-Tcl">Tcl</primary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<para>The Tcl package contains the Tool Command Language.</para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -18,25 +17,11 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.9 SBU</seg><seg>23 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Tcl installation depends on</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, -GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Tcl</title> -<para>This package and the next two are only installed to support running the -test suites for GCC and Binutils. Installing three packages just for testing -purposes may seem like overkill, but it is very reassuring, if not essential, -to know that our most important tools are working properly. Even if the -the test suites are not run in this chapter (we recommend not running them), -these packages are still required to run the test suites in the next -chapter.</para> - <para>Prepare Tcl for compilation:</para> <screen><userinput>cd unix @@ -46,15 +31,8 @@ chapter.</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>If you want to test the results, then issue: -<userinput>TZ=UTC make test</userinput>. However, the Tcl test suite is known -to experience failures under certain host conditions that are not fully -understood. Therefore, test suite failures here are not surprising, and are not -considered critical. The <parameter>TZ=UTC</parameter> parameter sets the time -zone to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) also known as Greenwich Mean Time -(GMT), but only for the duration of the test suite run. This ensures the clock -tests are exercised correctly. More information on the TZ environment variable -will be given later on in <xref linkend="chapter-bootscripts"/>.</para> +<para>To test the results, issue: +<userinput>TZ=UTC make test</userinput>.</para> <para>Install the package:</para> @@ -72,30 +50,7 @@ will need its internal headers.</para></warning> <sect2 id="contents-tcl" role="content"><title>Contents of Tcl</title> -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> -<segtitle>Installed library</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>tclsh (link to tclsh8.4), tclsh8.4</seg><seg>libtcl8.4.so</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title> - -<varlistentry id="tclsh8.4"> -<term><command>tclsh8.4</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-tools-tcl tclsh8.4"><primary sortas="b-tclsh8.4">tclsh8.4</primary></indexterm> -<para>is the Tcl command shell.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="libtcl8.4.so"> -<term><filename class="libraryfile">libtcl8.4.so</filename></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-tools-tcl libtcl8.4.so"><primary sortas="c-libtcl8.4.so">libtcl8.4.so</primary></indexterm> -<para>is the Tcl library.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> +<para>See testing</para> </sect2> diff --git a/chapter05/texinfo.xml b/chapter05/texinfo.xml index d5e4faeac..5de86eab9 100644 --- a/chapter05/texinfo.xml +++ b/chapter05/texinfo.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/texinfo.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>16 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/texinfo.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -31,21 +28,17 @@ <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/tools</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the programs:</para> +<para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen> -<para>(If you want to test the results, then issue: -<userinput>make check</userinput>.)</para> +<para>To test the results, issue: +<userinput>make check</userinput></para> -<para>Then install them and their documentation:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-texinfo"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.xml b/chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.xml index 666e181e2..c644ba162 100644 --- a/chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.xml +++ b/chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.xml @@ -7,197 +7,6 @@ <title>Toolchain technical notes</title> <?dbhtml filename="toolchaintechnotes.html"?> -<para>This section attempts to explain some of the rationale and technical -details behind the overall build method. It's not essential that you understand -everything here immediately. Most of it will make sense once you have performed -an actual build. Feel free to refer back here at any time.</para> - -<para>The overall goal of <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> is to provide a sane, -temporary environment that we can chroot into, and from which we can produce a -clean, trouble-free build of the target LFS system in -<xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. Along the way, we attempt to divorce ourselves -from the host system as much as possible, and in so doing build a -self-contained and self-hosted toolchain. It should be noted that the -build process has been designed to minimize the risks for -new readers and provide maximum educational value at the same time. In other -words, more advanced techniques could be used to build the system.</para> - -<important> -<para>Before continuing, you really should be aware of the name of your working -platform, often also referred to as the <emphasis>target triplet</emphasis>. For -many folks the target triplet will probably be -<emphasis>i686-pc-linux-gnu</emphasis>. A simple way to determine your target -triplet is to run the <command>config.guess</command> script that comes with -the source for many packages. Unpack the Binutils sources and run the script: -<userinput>./config.guess</userinput> and note the output.</para> - -<para>You'll also need to be aware of the name of your platform's -<emphasis>dynamic linker</emphasis>, often also referred to as the -<emphasis>dynamic loader</emphasis>, not to be confused with the standard linker -<command>ld</command> that is part of Binutils. The dynamic linker is provided -by Glibc and has the job of finding and loading the shared libraries needed by a -program, preparing the program to run and then running it. For most folks the -name of the dynamic linker will be <filename>ld-linux.so.2</filename>. On -platforms that are less prevalent, the name might be -<filename>ld.so.1</filename> and newer 64 bit platforms might even have -something completely different. You should be able to determine the name -of your platform's dynamic linker by looking in the -<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory on your host system. A -sure-fire way is to inspect a random binary from your host system by running: -<userinput>readelf -l <name of binary> | grep interpreter</userinput> -and noting the output. The authoritative reference covering all platforms is in -the <filename>shlib-versions</filename> file in the root of the Glibc source -tree.</para> -</important> - -<para>Some key technical points of how the <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> build -method works:</para> - -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para>Similar in principle to cross compiling whereby tools installed -into the same prefix work in cooperation and thus utilize a little GNU -<quote>magic</quote>.</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para>Careful manipulation of the standard linker's library search -path to ensure programs are linked only against libraries we -choose.</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para>Careful manipulation of <command>gcc</command>'s -<filename>specs</filename> file to tell the compiler which target dynamic -linker will be used.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para>Binutils is installed first because the <command>./configure</command> runs of both GCC and Glibc perform various -feature tests on the assembler and linker -to determine which software features to enable -or disable. This is more important than one might first realize. An incorrectly -configured GCC or Glibc can result in a subtly broken toolchain where the impact -of such breakage might not show up until near the end of the build of a whole -distribution. Thankfully, a test suite failure will usually alert us before too -much time is wasted.</para> - -<para>Binutils installs its assembler and linker into two locations, -<filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> and -<filename class="directory">/tools/$TARGET_TRIPLET/bin</filename>. In reality, -the tools in one location are hard linked to the other. An important facet of -the linker is its library search order. Detailed information can be obtained -from <command>ld</command> by passing it the <parameter>--verbose</parameter> -flag. For example: <command>ld --verbose | grep SEARCH</command> will -show you the current search paths and their order. You can see what files are -actually linked by <command>ld</command> by compiling a dummy program and -passing the <parameter>--verbose</parameter> switch to the linker. For example: -<userinput>gcc dummy.c -Wl,--verbose 2>&1 | grep succeeded</userinput> -will show you all the files successfully opened during the linking.</para> - -<para>The next package installed is GCC and during its run of -<command>./configure</command> you'll see, for example:</para> - -<blockquote><screen><computeroutput>checking what assembler to use... /tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bin/as -checking what linker to use... /tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</computeroutput></screen></blockquote> - -<para>This is important for the reasons mentioned above. It also demonstrates -that GCC's configure script does not search the PATH directories to find which -tools to use. However, during the actual operation of <command>gcc</command> -itself, the same search paths are not necessarily used. You can find out which -standard linker <command>gcc</command> will use by running: -<userinput>gcc -print-prog-name=ld</userinput>. -Detailed information can be obtained from <command>gcc</command> by passing -it the <parameter>-v</parameter> flag while compiling a dummy program. For -example: <userinput>gcc -v dummy.c</userinput> will show you detailed -information about the preprocessor, compilation and assembly stages, including -<command>gcc</command>'s include search paths and their order.</para> - -<para>The next package installed is Glibc. The most important considerations for -building Glibc are the compiler, binary tools and kernel headers. The compiler -is generally no problem as Glibc will always use the <command>gcc</command> -found in a PATH directory. The binary tools and kernel headers can be a little -more troublesome. Therefore we take no risks and use the available configure -switches to enforce the correct selections. After the run of -<command>./configure</command> you can check the contents of the -<filename>config.make</filename> file in the -<filename class="directory">glibc-build</filename> directory for all the -important details. You'll note some interesting items like the use of -<parameter>CC="gcc -B/tools/bin/"</parameter> to control which binary tools are -used, and also the use of the <parameter>-nostdinc</parameter> and -<parameter>-isystem</parameter> flags to control the compiler's include search -path. These items help to highlight an important aspect of the Glibc package: -it is very self-sufficient in terms of its build machinery and generally does -not rely on toolchain defaults.</para> - -<para>After the Glibc installation, we make some adjustments to ensure that -searching and linking take place only within our <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> -prefix. We install an adjusted <command>ld</command>, which has a hard-wired -search path limited to <filename class="directory">/tools/lib</filename>. Then -we amend <command>gcc</command>'s specs file to point to our new dynamic -linker in <filename class="directory">/tools/lib</filename>. This last step is -<emphasis>vital</emphasis> to the whole process. As mentioned above, a -hard-wired path to a dynamic linker is embedded into every ELF shared -executable. You can inspect this by running: -<userinput>readelf -l <name of binary> | grep interpreter</userinput>. -By amending <command>gcc</command>'s specs file, we are ensuring that every -program compiled from here through the end of this chapter will use our new -dynamic linker in <filename class="directory">/tools/lib</filename>.</para> - -<para>The need to use the new dynamic linker is also the reason why we apply the -Specs patch for the second pass of GCC. Failure to do so will result in the GCC -programs themselves having the name of the dynamic linker from the host system's -<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory embedded into them, which -would defeat our goal of getting away from the host.</para> - -<para>During the second pass of Binutils, we are able to utilize the -<parameter>--with-lib-path</parameter> configure switch to control -<command>ld</command>'s library search path. From this point onwards, the -core toolchain is self-contained and self-hosted. The remainder of the -<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> packages all build against the new Glibc in -<filename class="directory">/tools</filename> and all is well.</para> - -<para>Upon entering the chroot environment in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, the -first major package we install is Glibc, due to its self-sufficient nature that -we mentioned above. Once this Glibc is installed into -<filename class="directory">/usr</filename>, we perform a quick changeover of -the toolchain defaults, then proceed for real in building the rest of the -target LFS system.</para> - -<sect2> -<title>Notes on static linking</title> - -<para>Most programs have to perform, beside their specific task, many rather -common and sometimes trivial operations. These include allocating memory, -searching directories, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern -matching, arithmetic and many other tasks. Instead of obliging each program to -reinvent the wheel, the GNU system provides all these basic functions in -ready-made libraries. The major library on any Linux system is -<emphasis>Glibc</emphasis>.</para> - -<para>There are two primary ways of linking the functions from a library to a -program that uses them: statically or dynamically. When a program is linked -statically, the code of the used functions is included in the executable, -resulting in a rather bulky program. When a program is dynamically linked, what -is included is a reference to the dynamic linker, the name of the library, and -the name of the function, resulting in a much smaller executable. (A third way -is to use the programming interface of the dynamic linker. See the -<emphasis>dlopen</emphasis> man page for more information.)</para> - -<para>Dynamic linking is the default on Linux and has three major advantages -over static linking. First, you need only one copy of the executable library -code on your hard disk, instead of having many copies of the same code included -into a whole bunch of programs -- thus saving disk space. Second, when several -programs use the same library function at the same time, only one copy of the -function's code is required in core -- thus saving memory space. Third, when a -library function gets a bug fixed or is otherwise improved, you only need to -recompile this one library, instead of having to recompile all the programs that -make use of the improved function.</para> - -<para>If dynamic linking has several advantages, why then do we statically link -the first two packages in this chapter? The reasons are threefold: historical, -educational, and technical. Historical, because earlier versions of LFS -statically linked every program in this chapter. Educational, because knowing -the difference is useful. Technical, because we gain an element of independence -from the host in doing so, meaning that those programs can be used -independently of the host system. However, it's worth noting that an overall -successful LFS build can still be achieved when the first two packages are -built dynamically.</para> - -</sect2> +<para>See testing</para> </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/udev.xml b/chapter05/udev.xml index b13120178..cd929ea64 100644 --- a/chapter05/udev.xml +++ b/chapter05/udev.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/udev.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,10 +19,6 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>5.2 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<!-- -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/udev.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - --> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -37,20 +32,13 @@ <screen><userinput>make prefix=/tools udevdir=/dev</userinput></screen> -<para>Install it:</para> +<para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make DESTDIR=/tools udevdir=/dev install</userinput></screen> -<para>Udev's configuration is far from ideal by default, so we install our own -configuration files here:</para> - <screen><userinput>cp ../udev-config-2.permissions /tools/etc/udev/permissions.d/00-lfs.permissions cp ../udev-config-1.rules /tools/etc/udev/rules.d/00-lfs.rules</userinput></screen> </sect2> -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-udev"/>.</para> -</sect2> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter05/util-linux.xml b/chapter05/util-linux.xml index 04a4a375e..e0087812e 100644 --- a/chapter05/util-linux.xml +++ b/chapter05/util-linux.xml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ <secondary>tools</secondary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/util-linux.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -20,17 +19,11 @@ <seglistitem><seg>0.2 SBU</seg><seg>16 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="../chapter06/util-linux.xml" xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/segmentedlist[2])"/> - </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> <title>Installation of Util-linux</title> -<para>Util-linux doesn't use the freshly installed headers and libraries -from the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory. This is fixed by altering the configure -script:</para> - <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@/usr/include@/tools/include@g' configure</userinput></screen> <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para> @@ -41,8 +34,7 @@ script:</para> <screen><userinput>make -C lib</userinput></screen> -<para>Since you'll only need a couple of the utilities contained in -this package, build just those:</para> +<para>Build the needed utilities:</para> <screen><userinput>make -C mount mount umount make -C text-utils more</userinput></screen> @@ -52,8 +44,4 @@ make -C text-utils more</userinput></screen> <screen><userinput>cp mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin</userinput></screen> </sect2> - -<sect2 role="content"><title/> -<para>The details on this package are found in <xref linkend="contents-utillinux"/>.</para> -</sect2> </sect1> |