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authorManuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@linuxfromscratch.org>2006-02-02 21:03:09 +0000
committerManuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@linuxfromscratch.org>2006-02-02 21:03:09 +0000
commit8ef83047f979cb4addce1547008b3981359e3304 (patch)
treea011b339121f99a27adba838870c4846de0bd90b /chapter06
parent92474b451445f3a1822c5ce6353ff91ff9d65e2d (diff)
Indenting chapter 6, part 3
git-svn-id: http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@7325 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06')
-rw-r--r--chapter06/bzip2.xml373
-rw-r--r--chapter06/changingowner.xml55
-rw-r--r--chapter06/chapter06.xml139
-rw-r--r--chapter06/chroot.xml92
-rw-r--r--chapter06/coreutils.xml1818
-rw-r--r--chapter06/createfiles.xml18
-rw-r--r--chapter06/creatingdirs.xml79
7 files changed, 1417 insertions, 1157 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2.xml b/chapter06/bzip2.xml
index 44ccc6966..8aee97703 100644
--- a/chapter06/bzip2.xml
+++ b/chapter06/bzip2.xml
@@ -1,72 +1,97 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-bzip2" role="wrap">
-<title>Bzip2-&bzip2-version;</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="bzip2.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="bzip2.html"?>
+
+ <title>Bzip2-&bzip2-version;</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2">
+ <primary sortas="a-Bzip2">Bzip2</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <sect2 role="package">
+ <title/>
+
+ <para>The Bzip2 package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
+ files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yields a much
+ better compression percentage than with the traditional
+ <command>gzip</command>.</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2"><primary sortas="a-Bzip2">Bzip2</primary></indexterm>
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
+ <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-<sect2 role="package"><title/>
-<para>The Bzip2 package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
-files. Compressing text files with <command>bzip2</command> yields a much better
-compression percentage than with the traditional <command>gzip</command>.</para>
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>0.1 SBU</seg>
+ <seg>3.9 MB</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>3.9 MB</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils,
-GCC, Glibc, and Make</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
-</sect2>
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Glibc, and Make</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
-<sect2 role="installation">
-<title>Installation of Bzip2</title>
+ </sect2>
-<para>Apply a patch to install the documentation for this package:</para>
+ <sect2 role="installation">
+ <title>Installation of Bzip2</title>
+
+ <para>Apply a patch to install the documentation for this package:</para>
<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&bzip2-docs-patch;</userinput></screen>
-<para>The <command>bzgrep</command> command does not escape '|' and '&amp;' in
-filenames passed to it. This allows arbitrary commands to be executed with the
-privileges of the user running <command>bzgrep</command>. Apply the following to
-address this:</para>
+ <para>The <command>bzgrep</command> command does not escape '|' and '&amp;'
+ in filenames passed to it. This allows arbitrary commands to be executed
+ with the privileges of the user running <command>bzgrep</command>. Apply
+ the following to address this:</para>
<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&bzip2-bzgrep-patch;</userinput></screen>
-<para>Prepare Bzip2 for compilation with:</para>
+ <para>Prepare Bzip2 for compilation with:</para>
<screen><userinput>make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean</userinput></screen>
-<para>The <parameter>-f</parameter> flag will cause Bzip2 to be built
-using a different <filename>Makefile</filename> file, in this case the
-<filename>Makefile-libbz2_so</filename> file, which creates a dynamic
-<filename class="libraryfile">libbz2.so</filename> library and links the Bzip2
-utilities against it.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>-f Makefile-libbz2_so</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This will cause Bzip2 to be built using a different
+ <filename>Makefile</filename> file, in this case the
+ <filename>Makefile-libbz2_so</filename> file, which creates a dynamic
+ <filename class="libraryfile">libbz2.so</filename> library and links
+ the Bzip2 utilities against it.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
-<para>Compile and test the package:</para>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Compile and test the package:</para>
<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
-<para>If reinstalling Bzip2, perform
-<userinput>rm -vf /usr/bin/bz*</userinput> first, otherwise the following
-<command>make install</command> will fail.</para>
+ <para>If reinstalling Bzip2, perform
+ <userinput>rm -vf /usr/bin/bz*</userinput> first, otherwise the following
+ <command>make install</command> will fail.</para>
-<para>Install the programs:</para>
+ <para>Install the programs:</para>
<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
-<para>Install the shared <command>bzip2</command> binary into the
-<filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory, make
-some necessary symbolic links, and clean up:</para>
+ <para>Install the shared <command>bzip2</command> binary into the
+ <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory, make
+ some necessary symbolic links, and clean up:</para>
<screen><userinput>cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
@@ -75,125 +100,153 @@ rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat</userinput></screen>
-</sect2>
-
-
-<sect2 id="contents-bzip2" role="content"><title>Contents of Bzip2</title>
-
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
-<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff,
-bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless, and bzmore</seg>
-<seg>libbz2.[a,so]</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
-
-<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
-<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-<varlistentry id="bunzip2">
-<term><command>bunzip2</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Decompresses bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bunzip2"><primary sortas="b-bunzip2">bunzip2</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzcat">
-<term><command>bzcat</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Decompresses to standard output</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzcat"><primary sortas="b-bzcat">bzcat</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzcmp">
-<term><command>bzcmp</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>cmp</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzcmp"><primary sortas="b-bzcmp">bzcmp</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzdiff">
-<term><command>bzdiff</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>diff</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzdiff"><primary sortas="b-bzdiff">bzdiff</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzgrep">
-<term><command>bzgrep</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>grep</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzgrep"><primary sortas="b-bzgrep">bzgrep</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzegrep">
-<term><command>bzegrep</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>egrep</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzegrep"><primary sortas="b-bzegrep">bzegrep</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzfgrep">
-<term><command>bzfgrep</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>fgrep</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzfgrep"><primary sortas="b-bzfgrep">bzfgrep</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzip2">
-<term><command>bzip2</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text
-compression algorithm with Huffman coding; the compression rate is
-better than that achieved by more conventional compressors using
-<quote>Lempel-Ziv</quote> algorithms, like <command>gzip</command></para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzip2"><primary sortas="b-bzip2">bzip2</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzip2recover">
-<term><command>bzip2recover</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Tries to recover data from damaged bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzip2recover"><primary sortas="b-bzip2recover">bzip2recover</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzless">
-<term><command>bzless</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>less</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzless"><primary sortas="b-bzless">bzless</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="bzmore">
-<term><command>bzmore</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs <command>more</command> on bzipped files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzmore"><primary sortas="b-bzmore">bzmore</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="libbz2">
-<term><filename class="libraryfile">libbz2*</filename></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>The library implementing lossless, block-sorting data
-compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 libbz2"><primary sortas="c-libbz2*">libbz2*</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-</variablelist>
-
-</sect2>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="contents-bzip2" role="content">
+ <title>Contents of Bzip2</title>
+
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
+ <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
+
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>bunzip2 (link to bzip2), bzcat (link to bzip2), bzcmp, bzdiff,
+ bzegrep, bzfgrep, bzgrep, bzip2, bzip2recover, bzless, and bzmore</seg>
+ <seg>libbz2.[a,so]</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
+ <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
+ <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bunzip2">
+ <term><command>bunzip2</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Decompresses bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bunzip2">
+ <primary sortas="b-bunzip2">bunzip2</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzcat">
+ <term><command>bzcat</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Decompresses to standard output</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzcat">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzcat">bzcat</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzcmp">
+ <term><command>bzcmp</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>cmp</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzcmp">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzcmp">bzcmp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzdiff">
+ <term><command>bzdiff</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>diff</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzdiff">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzdiff">bzdiff</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzgrep">
+ <term><command>bzgrep</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>grep</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzgrep">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzgrep">bzgrep</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzegrep">
+ <term><command>bzegrep</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>egrep</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzegrep">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzegrep">bzegrep</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzfgrep">
+ <term><command>bzfgrep</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>fgrep</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzfgrep">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzfgrep">bzfgrep</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzip2">
+ <term><command>bzip2</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text
+ compression algorithm with Huffman coding; the compression rate is
+ better than that achieved by more conventional compressors using
+ <quote>Lempel-Ziv</quote> algorithms, like <command>gzip</command></para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzip2">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzip2">bzip2</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzip2recover">
+ <term><command>bzip2recover</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Tries to recover data from damaged bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzip2recover">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzip2recover">bzip2recover</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzless">
+ <term><command>bzless</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>less</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzless">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzless">bzless</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="bzmore">
+ <term><command>bzmore</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs <command>more</command> on bzipped files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzmore">
+ <primary sortas="b-bzmore">bzmore</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="libbz2">
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbz2*</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The library implementing lossless, block-sorting data
+ compression, using the Burrows-Wheeler algorithm</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 libbz2">
+ <primary sortas="c-libbz2*">libbz2*</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </sect2>
</sect1>
-
diff --git a/chapter06/changingowner.xml b/chapter06/changingowner.xml
index 618fa40d8..83deca414 100644
--- a/chapter06/changingowner.xml
+++ b/chapter06/changingowner.xml
@@ -1,39 +1,40 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-changingowner">
-<title>Changing Ownership</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="changingowner.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="changingowner.html"?>
+
+ <title>Changing Ownership</title>
-<para>Currently, the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>
-directory is owned by the user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, a user that
-exists only on the host system. Although the <filename
-class="directory">/tools</filename> directory can be deleted once the
-LFS system has been finished, it can be retained to build additional
-LFS systems. If the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>
-directory is kept as is, the files are owned by a user ID without a
-corresponding account. This is dangerous because a user account
-created later could get this same user ID and would own the <filename
-class="directory">/tools</filename> directory and all the files
-therein, thus exposing these files to possible malicious
-manipulation.</para>
+ <para>Currently, the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory
+ is owned by the user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, a user
+ that exists only on the host system. Although the <filename
+ class="directory">/tools</filename> directory can be deleted once the LFS
+ system has been finished, it can be retained to build additional LFS systems.
+ If the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory is kept as is,
+ the files are owned by a user ID without a corresponding account. This is
+ dangerous because a user account created later could get this same user ID
+ and would own the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory
+ and all the files therein, thus exposing these files to possible malicious
+ manipulation.</para>
-<para>To avoid this issue, add the <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> user to
-the new LFS system later when creating the
-<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file, taking care to assign it the
-same user and group IDs as on the host system. Alternatively, assign
-the contents of the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>
-directory to user <emphasis>root</emphasis> by running the following
-command:</para>
+ <para>To avoid this issue, add the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
+ user to the new LFS system later when creating the
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file, taking care to assign it the same user
+ and group IDs as on the host system. Alternatively, assign the contents of
+ the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory to user
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> by running the following
+ command:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown -R 0:0 /tools</userinput></screen>
-<para>The command uses <parameter>0:0</parameter> instead of
-<parameter>root:root</parameter>, because <command>chown</command>
-is unable to resolve the name <quote>root</quote> until the
-<filename>passwd</filename> file has been created.</para>
+ <para>The command uses <parameter>0:0</parameter> instead of
+ <parameter>root:root</parameter>, because <command>chown</command>
+ is unable to resolve the name <quote>root</quote> until the
+ <filename>passwd</filename> file has been created.</para>
</sect1>
-
diff --git a/chapter06/chapter06.xml b/chapter06/chapter06.xml
index 2e89ad1fa..138cb3155 100644
--- a/chapter06/chapter06.xml
+++ b/chapter06/chapter06.xml
@@ -1,76 +1,79 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<chapter id="chapter-building-system" xreflabel="Chapter 6">
-<?dbhtml dir="chapter06"?>
-<title>Installing Basic System Software</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="chapter06.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml dir="chapter06"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="chapter06.html"?>
+
+ <title>Installing Basic System Software</title>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="introduction.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="pkgmgt.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="kernfs.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="chroot.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="changingowner.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="creatingdirs.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="createfiles.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="pwdgroup.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="devices.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="linux-libc-headers.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man-pages.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="glibc.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="readjusting.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="binutils.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gcc.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="coreutils.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="zlib.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="mktemp.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="iana-etc.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="findutils.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gawk.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="ncurses.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="readline.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="vim.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="m4.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bison.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="less.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="db.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="groff.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sed.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="flex.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gettext.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="inetutils.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="iproute2.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="perl.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="texinfo.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="autoconf.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="automake.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bash.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="file.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="grep.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="libtool.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bzip2.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="diffutils.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="kbd.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="e2fsprogs.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="grub.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gzip.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="hotplug.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man-db.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="make.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="module-init-tools.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="patch.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="procps.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="psmisc.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="shadow.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sysklogd.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sysvinit.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="tar.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="util-linux.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="aboutdebug.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="strippingagain.xml"/>
-<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="revisedchroot.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="introduction.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="pkgmgt.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="kernfs.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="chroot.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="changingowner.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="creatingdirs.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="createfiles.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="pwdgroup.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="devices.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="linux-libc-headers.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man-pages.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="glibc.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="readjusting.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="binutils.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gcc.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="coreutils.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="zlib.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="mktemp.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="iana-etc.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="findutils.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gawk.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="ncurses.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="readline.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="vim.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="m4.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bison.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="less.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="db.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="groff.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sed.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="flex.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gettext.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="inetutils.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="iproute2.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="perl.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="texinfo.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="autoconf.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="automake.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bash.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="file.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="grep.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="libtool.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="bzip2.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="diffutils.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="kbd.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="e2fsprogs.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="grub.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="gzip.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="hotplug.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="man-db.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="make.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="module-init-tools.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="patch.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="procps.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="psmisc.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="shadow.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sysklogd.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="sysvinit.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="tar.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="util-linux.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="aboutdebug.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="strippingagain.xml"/>
+ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="revisedchroot.xml"/>
</chapter>
diff --git a/chapter06/chroot.xml b/chapter06/chroot.xml
index d02c94e40..ca3e86a92 100644
--- a/chapter06/chroot.xml
+++ b/chapter06/chroot.xml
@@ -1,61 +1,59 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-chroot">
-<title>Entering the Chroot Environment</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="chroot.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="chroot.html"?>
+
+ <title>Entering the Chroot Environment</title>
-<para>It is time to enter the chroot environment to begin
-building and installing the final LFS system. As user
-<emphasis>root</emphasis>, run the following command to enter the
-realm that is, at the moment, populated with only the temporary
-tools:</para>
+ <para>It is time to enter the chroot environment to begin building and
+ installing the final LFS system. As user <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem>, run the following command to enter the
+ realm that is, at the moment, populated with only the temporary tools:</para>
<screen><userinput>chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen>
-<para>The <parameter>-i</parameter> option given to the
-<command>env</command> command will clear all variables of the chroot
-environment. After that, only the <envar>HOME</envar>,
-<envar>TERM</envar>, <envar>PS1</envar>, and
-<envar>PATH</envar> variables are set again. The
-<parameter>TERM=$TERM</parameter> construct will set the
-<envar>TERM</envar> variable inside chroot to the same value as
-outside chroot. This variable is needed for programs like
-<command>vim</command> and <command>less</command> to operate
-properly. If other variables are needed, such as
-<envar>CFLAGS</envar> or <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>, this is
-a good place to set them again.</para>
-
-<para>From this point on, there is no need to use the
-<envar>LFS</envar> variable anymore, because all work will be
-restricted to the LFS file system. This is because the Bash shell is
-told that <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is now the root
-(<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory.</para>
-
-<para>Notice that <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> comes last
-in the <envar>PATH</envar>. This means that a temporary tool will no longer be
-used once its final version is installed. This occurs when the shell does not
-<quote>remember</quote> the locations of executed binaries&mdash;for this
-reason, hashing is switched off by passing the <parameter>+h</parameter> option
-to <command>bash</command>.</para>
-
-<para>It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder
-of this chapter and the following chapters are run from within the
-chroot environment. If you leave this environment for any reason
-(rebooting for example), remember to first mount the <systemitem
-class="filesystem">proc</systemitem> and <systemitem
-class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> file systems (discussed in the
-previous section) and enter chroot again before continuing with the
-installations.</para>
-
-<para>Note that the <command>bash</command> prompt will say
-<computeroutput>I have no name!</computeroutput> This is normal because the
-<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file has not been created yet.</para>
+ <para>The <parameter>-i</parameter> option given to the <command>env</command>
+ command will clear all variables of the chroot environment. After that, only
+ the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, <envar>PS1</envar>, and
+ <envar>PATH</envar> variables are set again. The
+ <parameter>TERM=$TERM</parameter> construct will set the <envar>TERM</envar>
+ variable inside chroot to the same value as outside chroot. This variable is
+ needed for programs like <command>vim</command> and <command>less</command>
+ to operate properly. If other variables are needed, such as
+ <envar>CFLAGS</envar> or <envar>CXXFLAGS</envar>, this is a good place to set
+ them again.</para>
+
+ <para>From this point on, there is no need to use the
+ <envar>LFS</envar> variable anymore, because all work will be restricted
+ to the LFS file system. This is because the Bash shell is told that
+ <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is now the root
+ (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory.</para>
+
+ <para>Notice that <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> comes last
+ in the <envar>PATH</envar>. This means that a temporary tool will no longer be
+ used once its final version is installed. This occurs when the shell does not
+ <quote>remember</quote> the locations of executed binaries&mdash;for this
+ reason, hashing is switched off by passing the <parameter>+h</parameter> option
+ to <command>bash</command>.</para>
+
+ <para>It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder of this
+ chapter and the following chapters are run from within the chroot environment.
+ If you leave this environment for any reason (rebooting for example), remember
+ to first mount the <systemitem class="filesystem">proc</systemitem> and
+ <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> file systems (discussed
+ in the previous section) and enter chroot again before continuing with the
+ installations.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the <command>bash</command> prompt will say
+ <computeroutput>I have no name!</computeroutput> This is normal because the
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file has not been created yet.</para>
</sect1>
-
diff --git a/chapter06/coreutils.xml b/chapter06/coreutils.xml
index 051869109..8d114b927 100644
--- a/chapter06/coreutils.xml
+++ b/chapter06/coreutils.xml
@@ -1,871 +1,1071 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
-<title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
+
+ <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
+ <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <sect2 role="package">
+ <title/>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"><primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary></indexterm>
+ <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
+ basic system characteristics.</para>
-<sect2 role="package"><title/>
-<para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
-basic system characteristics.</para>
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
+ <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>0.9 SBU</seg><seg>52.8 MB</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>0.9 SBU</seg>
+ <seg>52.8 MB</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
-Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, and Sed</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
-</sect2>
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
-<sect2 role="installation">
-<title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc,
+ Grep, Make, Perl, and Sed</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
-<para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
-this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
-returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
-fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 role="installation">
+ <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
+
+ <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
+ this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
+ returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
+ fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
-<para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
-other packages later:</para>
+ <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
+ other packages later:</para>
<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
-<para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
-boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
-fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
+ <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
+ boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
+ fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
-<para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
-the test file have to be changed:</para>
+ <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
+ the test file have to be changed:</para>
<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
-<note><para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting
-new bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
-without this patch.</para></note>
+ <note>
+ <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
+ bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
+ without this patch.</para>
+ </note>
-<para>It has been found that translated messages sometimes overflow a buffer
-in the <command>who -Hu</command> command. Increase the buffer size:</para>
+ <para>It has been found that translated messages sometimes overflow a buffer
+ in the <command>who -Hu</command> command. Increase the buffer size:</para>
<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/_LEN 6/_LEN 20/' src/who.c</userinput></screen>
-<para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
+ <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
-<para>Compile the package:</para>
+ <para>Compile the package:</para>
<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
-<para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the presence
-of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal environment
-that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need to be set up before
-running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the package</quote> if not
-running the test suite.</para>
+ <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
+ presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
+ environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
+ to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
+ package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
-<para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
+ <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
-<para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that
-are meant to be run as user <emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
+ <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
+ meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
-<para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the
-<emphasis>dummy</emphasis> user:</para>
+ <para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the
+ <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
<screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
-<para>When testing is complete, remove the dummy user and
-groups:</para>
+ <para>When testing is complete, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
-<para>Install the package:</para>
+ <para>Install the package:</para>
<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
-<para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
+ <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
-<para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
-<command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As
-<filename class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the
-early stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:</para>
+ <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
+ <command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As
+ <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the
+ early stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root
+ partition:</para>
<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep} /bin</userinput></screen>
-</sect2>
-
-
-<sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
-
-<segmentedlist>
-<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
-<seglistitem><seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
-comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du,
-echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
-hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
-mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky,
-pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum,
-shred, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee,
-test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
-users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg></seglistitem>
-</segmentedlist>
-
-<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
-<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-<varlistentry id="basename">
-<term><command>basename</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"><primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="cat">
-<term><command>cat</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"><primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="chgrp">
-<term><command>chgrp</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"><primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="chmod">
-<term><command>chmod</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
-can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
-octal number representing the new permissions</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"><primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="chown">
-<term><command>chown</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and directories</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"><primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="chroot">
-<term><command>chroot</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
-<filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="cksum">
-<term><command>cksum</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
-counts of each specified file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"><primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="comm">
-<term><command>comm</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
-that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"><primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="cp">
-<term><command>cp</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Copies files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"><primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="csplit">
-<term><command>csplit</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
-according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
-count of each new file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"><primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="cut">
-<term><command>cut</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
-fields or positions</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"><primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="date">
-<term><command>date</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
-system date</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"><primary sortas="b-date">date</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="dd">
-<term><command>dd</command> </term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
-optionally performing conversions on it</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"><primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="df">
-<term><command>df</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
-mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
-files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"><primary sortas="b-df">df</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="dir">
-<term><command>dir</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
-the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="dircolors">
-<term><command>dircolors</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
-environment variable to change the color scheme used by
-<command>ls</command></para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="dirname">
-<term><command>dirname</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"><primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="du">
-<term><command>du</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
-by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
-each of the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"><primary sortas="b-du">du</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="echo">
-<term><command>echo</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Displays the given strings</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"><primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="env">
-<term><command>env</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"><primary sortas="b-env">env</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="expand">
-<term><command>expand</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"><primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="expr">
-<term><command>expr</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Evaluates expressions</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"><primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="factor">
-<term><command>factor</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"><primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="false">
-<term><command>false</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
-indicating failure</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"><primary sortas="b-false">false</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="fmt">
-<term><command>fmt</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt"><primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="fold">
-<term><command>fold</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"><primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="groups">
-<term><command>groups</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups"><primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="head">
-<term><command>head</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"><primary sortas="b-head">head</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="hostid">
-<term><command>hostid</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"><primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="hostname">
-<term><command>hostname</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname"><primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="id">
-<term><command>id</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
-group memberships of the current user or specified user</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"><primary sortas="b-id">id</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="install">
-<term><command>install</command> </term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Copies files while setting their
-permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"><primary sortas="b-install">install</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="join">
-<term><command>join</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
-separate files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"><primary sortas="b-join">join</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="link">
-<term><command>link</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"><primary sortas="b-link">link</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="ln">
-<term><command>ln</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"><primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="logname">
-<term><command>logname</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"><primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="ls">
-<term><command>ls</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"><primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="md5sum">
-<term><command>md5sum</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"><primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="mkdir">
-<term><command>mkdir</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"><primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="mkfifo">
-<term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
-pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="mknod">
-<term><command>mknod</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
-character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"><primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="mv">
-<term><command>mv</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"><primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="nice">
-<term><command>nice</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"><primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="nl">
-<term><command>nl</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"><primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="nohup">
-<term><command>nohup</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
-a log file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"><primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="od">
-<term><command>od</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"><primary sortas="b-od">od</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="paste">
-<term><command>paste</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
-side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"><primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="pathchk">
-<term><command>pathchk</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"><primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="pinky">
-<term><command>pinky</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information about the given users</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"><primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="pr">
-<term><command>pr</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"><primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="printenv">
-<term><command>printenv</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the environment</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"><primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="printf">
-<term><command>printf</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
-like the C printf function</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"><primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="ptx">
-<term><command>ptx</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
-with each keyword in its context</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"><primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="pwd">
-<term><command>pwd</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"><primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="readlink">
-<term><command>readlink</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"><primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="rm">
-<term><command>rm</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Removes files or directories</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"><primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="rmdir">
-<term><command>rmdir</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"><primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="seq">
-<term><command>seq</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
-given increment</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"><primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="sha1sum">
-<term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) checksums</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"><primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="shred">
-<term><command>shred</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
-making it difficult to recover the data</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"><primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="sleep">
-<term><command>sleep</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"><primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="sort">
-<term><command>sort</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"><primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="split">
-<term><command>split</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of lines</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"><primary sortas="b-split">split</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="stat">
-<term><command>stat</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat"><primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="stty">
-<term><command>stty</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"><primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="sum">
-<term><command>sum</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"><primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="sync">
-<term><command>sync</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
-and updates the super block</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"><primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tac">
-<term><command>tac</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"><primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tail">
-<term><command>tail</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
-given file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"><primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tee">
-<term><command>tee</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
-and to the given files</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"><primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="test">
-<term><command>test</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"><primary sortas="b-test">test</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="touch">
-<term><command>touch</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
-times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
-are created with zero length</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"><primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tr">
-<term><command>tr</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
-standard input</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"><primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="true">
-<term><command>true</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
-indicating success</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"><primary sortas="b-true">true</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tsort">
-<term><command>tsort</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
-according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"><primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="tty">
-<term><command>tty</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
-input</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"><primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="uname">
-<term><command>uname</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports system information</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"><primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="unexpand">
-<term><command>unexpand</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"><primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="uniq">
-<term><command>uniq</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"><primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="unlink">
-<term><command>unlink</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Removes the given file</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"><primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="users">
-<term><command>users</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"><primary sortas="b-users">users</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="vdir">
-<term><command>vdir</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="wc">
-<term><command>wc</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
-file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"><primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="who">
-<term><command>who</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports who is logged on</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"><primary sortas="b-who">who</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="whoami">
-<term><command>whoami</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"><primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry id="yes">
-<term><command>yes</command></term>
-<listitem>
-<para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
-killed</para>
-<indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm>
-</listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-</variablelist>
-
-</sect2>
+ </sect2>
+
+
+ <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
+ <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
+
+ <segmentedlist>
+ <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
+
+ <seglistitem>
+ <seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp,
+ csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
+ expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
+ hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
+ mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
+ printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred,
+ sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
+ touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users,
+ vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
+ </seglistitem>
+ </segmentedlist>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
+ <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
+ <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
+
+ <varlistentry id="basename">
+ <term><command>basename</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
+ <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="cat">
+ <term><command>cat</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
+ <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="chgrp">
+ <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
+ <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="chmod">
+ <term><command>chmod</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
+ can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
+ octal number representing the new permissions</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
+ <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="chown">
+ <term><command>chown</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
+ directories</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
+ <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="chroot">
+ <term><command>chroot</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
+ <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
+ <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="cksum">
+ <term><command>cksum</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
+ counts of each specified file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
+ <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="comm">
+ <term><command>comm</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
+ that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
+ <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="cp">
+ <term><command>cp</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Copies files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
+ <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="csplit">
+ <term><command>csplit</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
+ according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
+ count of each new file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
+ <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="cut">
+ <term><command>cut</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
+ fields or positions</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
+ <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="date">
+ <term><command>date</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
+ system date</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
+ <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="dd">
+ <term><command>dd</command> </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
+ optionally performing conversions on it</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
+ <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="df">
+ <term><command>df</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
+ mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
+ files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
+ <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="dir">
+ <term><command>dir</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
+ the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
+ <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="dircolors">
+ <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
+ environment variable to change the color scheme used by
+ <command>ls</command></para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
+ <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="dirname">
+ <term><command>dirname</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
+ <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="du">
+ <term><command>du</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
+ by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
+ each of the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
+ <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="echo">
+ <term><command>echo</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Displays the given strings</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
+ <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="env">
+ <term><command>env</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
+ <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="expand">
+ <term><command>expand</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
+ <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="expr">
+ <term><command>expr</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
+ <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="factor">
+ <term><command>factor</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
+ <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="false">
+ <term><command>false</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
+ indicating failure</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
+ <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="fmt">
+ <term><command>fmt</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
+ <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="fold">
+ <term><command>fold</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
+ <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="groups">
+ <term><command>groups</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
+ <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="head">
+ <term><command>head</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
+ of each given file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
+ <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="hostid">
+ <term><command>hostid</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
+ <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="hostname">
+ <term><command>hostname</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
+ <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="id">
+ <term><command>id</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
+ of the current user or specified user</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
+ <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="install">
+ <term><command>install</command> </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
+ possible, their owner and group</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
+ <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="join">
+ <term><command>join</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
+ separate files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
+ <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="link">
+ <term><command>link</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
+ <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="ln">
+ <term><command>ln</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
+ <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="logname">
+ <term><command>logname</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
+ <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="ls">
+ <term><command>ls</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
+ <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="md5sum">
+ <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
+ <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="mkdir">
+ <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
+ <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
+ <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
+ pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
+ <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="mknod">
+ <term><command>mknod</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
+ character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
+ <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="mv">
+ <term><command>mv</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
+ <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="nice">
+ <term><command>nice</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
+ <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="nl">
+ <term><command>nl</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
+ <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="nohup">
+ <term><command>nohup</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
+ a log file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
+ <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="od">
+ <term><command>od</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
+ <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="paste">
+ <term><command>paste</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
+ side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
+ <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="pathchk">
+ <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
+ <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="pinky">
+ <term><command>pinky</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
+ about the given users</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
+ <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="pr">
+ <term><command>pr</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
+ <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="printenv">
+ <term><command>printenv</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the environment</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
+ <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="printf">
+ <term><command>printf</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
+ like the C printf function</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
+ <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="ptx">
+ <term><command>ptx</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
+ with each keyword in its context</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
+ <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="pwd">
+ <term><command>pwd</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
+ <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="readlink">
+ <term><command>readlink</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
+ <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="rm">
+ <term><command>rm</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Removes files or directories</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
+ <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="rmdir">
+ <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
+ <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="seq">
+ <term><command>seq</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
+ given increment</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
+ <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
+ <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
+ checksums</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
+ <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="shred">
+ <term><command>shred</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
+ making it difficult to recover the data</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
+ <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="sleep">
+ <term><command>sleep</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
+ <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="sort">
+ <term><command>sort</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
+ <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="split">
+ <term><command>split</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
+ lines</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
+ <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="stat">
+ <term><command>stat</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
+ <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="stty">
+ <term><command>stty</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
+ <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="sum">
+ <term><command>sum</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
+ <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="sync">
+ <term><command>sync</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
+ and updates the super block</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
+ <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tac">
+ <term><command>tac</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
+ <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tail">
+ <term><command>tail</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
+ given file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
+ <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tee">
+ <term><command>tee</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
+ and to the given files</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
+ <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="test">
+ <term><command>test</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
+ <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="touch">
+ <term><command>touch</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
+ times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
+ are created with zero length</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
+ <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tr">
+ <term><command>tr</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
+ standard input</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
+ <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="true">
+ <term><command>true</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
+ indicating success</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
+ <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tsort">
+ <term><command>tsort</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
+ according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
+ <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="tty">
+ <term><command>tty</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
+ input</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
+ <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="uname">
+ <term><command>uname</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports system information</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
+ <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="unexpand">
+ <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
+ <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="uniq">
+ <term><command>uniq</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
+ <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="unlink">
+ <term><command>unlink</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Removes the given file</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
+ <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="users">
+ <term><command>users</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
+ <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="vdir">
+ <term><command>vdir</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
+ <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="wc">
+ <term><command>wc</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
+ file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
+ <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="who">
+ <term><command>who</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
+ <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="whoami">
+ <term><command>whoami</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
+ user ID</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
+ <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry id="yes">
+ <term><command>yes</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
+ killed</para>
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
+ <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </sect2>
</sect1>
-
diff --git a/chapter06/createfiles.xml b/chapter06/createfiles.xml
index 734fedc33..03107ce8d 100644
--- a/chapter06/createfiles.xml
+++ b/chapter06/createfiles.xml
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-createfiles">
-<title>Creating Essential Symlinks</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="createfiles.html"?>
+
+ <title>Creating Essential Symlinks</title>
-<para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not exist yet. In
-order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which will be
-replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the software
-has been installed.</para>
+ <para>Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not exist yet. In
+ order to satisfy these programs, create a number of symbolic links which will be
+ replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the software
+ has been installed.</para>
<screen><userinput>ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
@@ -18,4 +21,3 @@ ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh</userinput></screen>
</sect1>
-
diff --git a/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml b/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml
index a007df15e..b9a269ebc 100644
--- a/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml
+++ b/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
+
<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
-<title>Creating Directories</title>
-<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
+ <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
+
+ <title>Creating Directories</title>
+
+ <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
+ standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
-<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
-standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
-
<screen><userinput>install -dv /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
install -dv /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
install -dv /root -m 0750
@@ -30,42 +33,42 @@ install -dv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
install -dv /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
install -dv /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>
-<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755,
-but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above,
-two changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user
-<emphasis>root</emphasis>, and another to the directories for
-temporary files.</para>
+ <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
+ this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
+ changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
+ temporary files.</para>
-<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
-the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the same
-as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The second
-mode change makes sure that any user can write to the <filename
-class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
-class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
-another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
-so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777
-bit mask.</para>
+ <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
+ the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
+ same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
+ second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
+ <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
+ class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
+ another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
+ <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
-<note><para>Notice the two different constructions above for creating multiple
-man directories: <command>install -d /usr/share/man/man{1..8}</command> and
-<command>install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</command>. The
-first one is new since Bash 3.0. This new feature will help make repetitive
-commands easier to type.</para></note>
+ <note>
+ <para>Notice the two different constructions above for creating multiple
+ man directories: <command>install -d /usr/share/man/man{1..8}</command> and
+ <command>install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</command>. The
+ first one is new since Bash 3.0. This new feature will help make repetitive
+ commands easier to type.</para>
+ </note>
-<sect2>
-<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
+ <sect2>
+ <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
-<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
- (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In addition
-to the tree created above, this standard stipulates the existence of <filename
-class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
-class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to the
-structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
-subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However, feel
-free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly to the
-FHS.</para>
+ <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
+ (FHS) (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In
+ addition to the tree created above, this standard stipulates the existence
+ of <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
+ class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to
+ the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
+ subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However,
+ feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly
+ to the FHS.</para>
-</sect2>
+ </sect2>
</sect1>
-