diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/aboutdebug.xml | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/automake.xml | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/bash.xml | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/binutils.xml | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/bison.xml | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/bzip2.xml | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/changingowner.xml | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/chapter06.xml | 47 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/chroot.xml | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/coreutils.xml | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/devices.xml | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/strippingagain.xml | 47 |
12 files changed, 102 insertions, 91 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/aboutdebug.xml b/chapter06/aboutdebug.xml index 32798c78b..4939bb704 100644 --- a/chapter06/aboutdebug.xml +++ b/chapter06/aboutdebug.xml @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ <?dbhtml filename="aboutdebug.html"?> <para>Most programs and libraries are, by default, compiled with debugging -symbols included (with <command>gcc</command>'s <emphasis>-g</emphasis> +symbols included (with <command>gcc</command>'s <parameter>-g</parameter> option). This means that, when debugging a program or library that was compiled with debugging information included, the debugger can give you not only memory addresses but also the names of the routines and variables.</para> @@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ with debugging symbols: 1200 KB</para></listitem> <listitem><para>a bash binary without debugging symbols: 480 KB</para></listitem> -<listitem><para>Glibc and GCC files (/lib and /usr/lib) +<listitem><para>Glibc and GCC files (<filename class="directory">/lib</filename> +and <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>) with debugging symbols: 87 MB</para></listitem> <listitem><para>Glibc and GCC files diff --git a/chapter06/automake.xml b/chapter06/automake.xml index 84043649a..e668b27b9 100644 --- a/chapter06/automake.xml +++ b/chapter06/automake.xml @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ missing GNU programs during an installation.</para> <term><command>ylwrap</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-automake ylwrap"><primary sortas="b-ylwrap">ylwrap</primary></indexterm> -<para>is a wrapper for lex and yacc.</para> +<para>is a wrapper for <command>lex</command> and <command>yacc</command>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> diff --git a/chapter06/bash.xml b/chapter06/bash.xml index 002a043ff..286038439 100644 --- a/chapter06/bash.xml +++ b/chapter06/bash.xml @@ -54,11 +54,12 @@ patch:</para> <screen><userinput>exec /bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> -<para>Note that the parameters used make it an interactive login instance -(so /etc/profile is read, if it exists, and the first found -~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login or and ~/.profile) and continue to +<note><para>The parameters used make it an interactive login instance +(so <filename>/etc/profile</filename> is read, if it exists, and the first found +<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>, <filename>~/.bash_login</filename> or +and <filename>~/.profile</filename>) and continue to disable hashing so that new programs are found as they become -available.</para> +available.</para></note> </sect2> @@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ before executing it, thus making this interpreter a powerful tool.</para> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bash bashbug"><primary sortas="b-bashbug">bashbug</primary></indexterm> <para>is a shell script to help the user -compose and mail bug reports concerning bash in a standard format.</para> +compose and mail bug reports concerning <command>bash</command> in a standard format.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -96,7 +97,8 @@ compose and mail bug reports concerning bash in a standard format.</para> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bash sh"><primary sortas="b-sh">sh</primary></indexterm> <para>is a symlink to the bash program. When invoked -as sh, bash tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of sh as +as <command>sh</command>, <command>bash</command> tries to mimic the +startup behavior of historical versions of <command>sh</command> as closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> diff --git a/chapter06/binutils.xml b/chapter06/binutils.xml index b05d0416e..75421eb41 100644 --- a/chapter06/binutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/binutils.xml @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ everything is set up correctly by performing a simple test:</para> <para>If you receive the message:</para> -<blockquote><screen>The system has no more ptys. Ask your system administrator to create more.</screen></blockquote> +<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys. Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen> <para>Your chroot environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. In this case there is no point in running the test suites for Binutils and GCC until you are able to resolve the issue.</para> <para>This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its -default optimization flags (including the -march and -mcpu options). +default optimization flags (including the <parameter>-march</parameter> and <parameter>-mcpu</parameter> options). Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables that override default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we recommend un-setting or modifying them when building Binutils.</para> @@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen> <para>Normally, the <emphasis>tooldir</emphasis> (the directory where the executables end up) is set to $(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias), which expands -into, for example, <filename>/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Since we only +into, for example, <filename class="directory">/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu</filename>. Since we only build for our own system, we don't need this target specific directory in -<filename>/usr</filename>. That setup would be used if the system was used to +<filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. That setup would be used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example compiling a package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed on PowerPC machines).</para> @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ doubts.</para> <screen><userinput>make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen> -<para>Install the <emphasis>libiberty</emphasis> header file that is needed by +<para>Install the <filename class="headerfile">libiberty</filename> header file that is needed by some packages:</para> <screen><userinput>cp ../binutils-&binutils-version;/include/libiberty.h /usr/include</userinput></screen> @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ the archive).</para> <term><command>as</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as"><primary sortas="b-as">as</primary></indexterm> -<para>is an assembler. It assembles the output of gcc into object files.</para> +<para>is an assembler. It assembles the output of <command>gcc</command> into object files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> diff --git a/chapter06/bison.xml b/chapter06/bison.xml index f6247bb94..438485e1a 100644 --- a/chapter06/bison.xml +++ b/chapter06/bison.xml @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Sed</seg></seglistitem> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bison bison"><primary sortas="b-bison">bison</primary></indexterm> <para>generates, from a series of rules, a program -for analyzing the structure of text files. Bison is a replacement for yacc +for analyzing the structure of text files. <command>bison</command> is a replacement for <command>yacc</command> (Yet Another Compiler Compiler).</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ for analyzing the structure of text files. Bison is a replacement for yacc <term><command>yacc</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bison yacc"><primary sortas="b-yacc">yacc</primary></indexterm> -<para>is a wrapper for bison, meant for programs -that still call yacc instead of bison. It calls bison with the -y option.</para> +<para>is a wrapper for <command>bison</command>, meant for programs +that still call <command>yacc</command> instead of <command>bison</command>. +It calls <command>bison</command> with the <parameter>-y</parameter> option.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> diff --git a/chapter06/bzip2.xml b/chapter06/bzip2.xml index 62271ad57..def1398d8 100644 --- a/chapter06/bzip2.xml +++ b/chapter06/bzip2.xml @@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ GCC, Glibc, Make</seg></seglistitem> <screen><userinput>make -f Makefile-libbz2_so make clean</userinput></screen> -<para>The <emphasis>-f</emphasis> flag will cause Bzip2 to be built +<para>The <parameter>-f</parameter> flag will cause Bzip2 to be built using a different <filename>Makefile</filename> file, in this case the <filename>Makefile-libbz2_so</filename> file, which creates a dynamic -<filename>libbz2.so</filename> library and links the Bzip2 utilities +<filename class="libraryfile">libbz2.so</filename> library and links the Bzip2 utilities against it.</para> <para>Compile the package:</para> @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;) and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem> <term><command>bzcmp</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzcmp"><primary sortas="b-bzcmp">bzcmp</primary></indexterm> -<para>runs cmp on bzipped files.</para> +<para>runs <command>cmp</command> on bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;) and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem> <term><command>bzdiff</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzdiff"><primary sortas="b-bzdiff">bzdiff</primary></indexterm> -<para>runs diff on bzipped files.</para> +<para>runs <command>diff</command> on bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;) and libbz2.so.&bzip2-version;</seg></seglistitem> <term><command>bzgrep</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzgrep"><primary sortas="b-bzgrep">bzgrep</primary></indexterm> -<para>and friends run grep on bzipped files.</para> +<para>and friends run <command>grep</command> on bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ compressors using LZ77/LZ78, like <command>gzip</command>.</para> <term><command>bzip2recover</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzip2recover"><primary sortas="b-bzip2recover">bzip2recover</primary></indexterm> -<para>tries to recover data from damaged bzip2 files.</para> +<para>tries to recover data from damaged bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ compressors using LZ77/LZ78, like <command>gzip</command>.</para> <term><command>bzless</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzless"><primary sortas="b-bzless">bzless</primary></indexterm> -<para>runs less on bzipped files.</para> +<para>runs <command>less</command> on bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ compressors using LZ77/LZ78, like <command>gzip</command>.</para> <term><command>bzmore</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-bzip2 bzmore"><primary sortas="b-bzmore">bzmore</primary></indexterm> -<para>runs more on bzipped files.</para> +<para>runs <command>more</command> on bzipped files.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> diff --git a/chapter06/changingowner.xml b/chapter06/changingowner.xml index cef15f8ba..1de747a01 100644 --- a/chapter06/changingowner.xml +++ b/chapter06/changingowner.xml @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ user <emphasis>root</emphasis> by running the following command:</para> <screen><userinput>chown -R 0:0 /tools</userinput></screen> -<para>The command uses <quote>0:0</quote> instead of <quote>root:root</quote>, +<para>The command uses <parameter>0:0</parameter> instead of <parameter>root:root</parameter>, because <userinput>chown</userinput> is unable to resolve the name <quote>root</quote> until the password file has been created.</para> diff --git a/chapter06/chapter06.xml b/chapter06/chapter06.xml index a99b76af8..603568982 100644 --- a/chapter06/chapter06.xml +++ b/chapter06/chapter06.xml @@ -68,52 +68,7 @@ <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="udev.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="util-linux.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="aboutdebug.xml"/> - -<sect1 id="ch-system-strippingagain"> -<title>Stripping again</title> -<?dbhtml filename="strippingagain.html"?> - -<para>If you are not a programmer and don't plan to do any debugging on your -system software, you can shrink your system by about 200 MB by removing the -debugging symbols from binaries and libraries. This causes no inconvenience -other than not being able to debug the software fully any more.</para> - -<para>Most people who use the command mentioned below don't experience any -problems. But it is easy to make a typo and render your new system unusable, so -before running the strip command it is probably a good idea to make a backup of -the current situation.</para> - -<para>If you are going to perform the stripping, special care is needed to -ensure you're not running any of the binaries that are about to be stripped. -If you're not sure whether you entered chroot with the command given in -<xref linkend="ch-system-chroot"/>, then first exit from chroot:</para> - -<screen><userinput>logout</userinput></screen> - -<para>Then reenter it with:</para> - -<screen><userinput>chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \ - HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ - PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ - /tools/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen> - -<para>Now you can safely strip the binaries and libraries:</para> - -<screen><userinput>/tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \ - -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'</userinput></screen> - -<para>A large number of files will be reported as having their file format not -recognized. These warnings can be safely ignored, they just mean that those -files are scripts instead of binaries, no harm is done.</para> - -<para>If you are really tight on disk space, you may want to use -<emphasis>--strip-all</emphasis> on the binaries in -<filename>/{,usr/}{bin,sbin}</filename> to gain several more megabytes. But do -<emphasis>not</emphasis> use this option on libraries: they would be -destroyed.</para> - -</sect1> - +<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="strippingagain.xml"/> <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude" href="revisedchroot.xml"/> </chapter> diff --git a/chapter06/chroot.xml b/chapter06/chroot.xml index 08d74ea53..238dc5381 100644 --- a/chapter06/chroot.xml +++ b/chapter06/chroot.xml @@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ populated with only the temporary tools:</para> PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \ /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> -<para>The <emphasis>-i</emphasis> option given to the +<para>The <parameter>-i</parameter> option given to the <command>env</command> command will clear all variables of the chroot environment. After that, only the HOME, TERM, PS1 and PATH variables are -set again. The TERM=$TERM construct will set the TERM variable inside chroot +set again. The <parameter>TERM=$TERM</parameter> construct will set the TERM variable inside chroot to the same value as outside chroot; this variable is needed for programs like <command>vim</command> and <command>less</command> to operate properly. If you need other variables present, such as CFLAGS or CXXFLAGS, @@ -36,17 +36,19 @@ the chroot command.</para> last in the PATH. This means that a temporary tool will not be used any more as soon as its final version is installed. Well, at least when the shell doesn't remember the locations of executed binaries -- for this reason hashing -is switched off by passing the <emphasis>+h</emphasis> option to +is switched off by passing the <parameter>+h</parameter> option to <command>bash</command>.</para> <para>You have to make sure all the commands in the rest of this chapter and in the following chapters are run from within the chroot environment. If you ever leave this environment for any reason (rebooting for example), -you must remember to first mount the proc and devpts file systems (discussed +you must remember to first mount the <systemitem class="filesystem">proc</systemitem> +and <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> file systems (discussed in the previous section) <emphasis>and</emphasis> enter chroot again before continuing with the installations.</para> -<para>Note that the bash prompt will say <quote>I have no name!</quote> This is +<para>Note that the <command>bash</command> prompt will say +<computeroutput>I have no name!</computeroutput> This is normal, as the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file has not been created yet. </para> diff --git a/chapter06/coreutils.xml b/chapter06/coreutils.xml index af5251262..984981273 100644 --- a/chapter06/coreutils.xml +++ b/chapter06/coreutils.xml @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed</seg></seglistitem> <title>Installation of Coreutils</title> <para>Normally the functionality of <command>uname</command> is somewhat -broken, in that the <emphasis>-p</emphasis> switch always returns -<quote>unknown</quote>. The following patch fixes this behavior for Intel +broken, in that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always returns +<computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para> <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-uname-2.patch</userinput></screen> @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ each given file to the given user:group pair.</para> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm> <para>runs a given command with the specified directory as the -<filename>/</filename> directory. The given command can be an interactive shell. +<filename class="directory">/</filename> directory. The given command can be an interactive shell. On most systems only <emphasis>root</emphasis> can do this.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ given files.</para> <term><command>dir</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm> -<para>is the same as ls.</para> +<para>is the same as <command>ls</command>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ given files.</para> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm> <para>outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR -environment variable, to change the color scheme used by ls.</para> +environment variable, to change the color scheme used by <command>ls</command>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically.</para> <term><command>mkfifo</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm> -<para>creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a "named pipe" in UNIX parlance) with +<para>creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a <quote>named pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance) with the given names.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages.</para> <term><command>vdir</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm> -<para>is the same as ls -l.</para> +<para>is the same as <command>ls -l</command>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given.</para> <term><command>yes</command></term> <listitem> <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm> -<para>outputs 'y' or a given string repeatedly, until killed.</para> +<para>outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string repeatedly, until killed.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> diff --git a/chapter06/devices.xml b/chapter06/devices.xml index e6b1a8c57..b14789fa0 100644 --- a/chapter06/devices.xml +++ b/chapter06/devices.xml @@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ <title>Populating /dev with device nodes</title> <?dbhtml filename="devices.html"?> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-devices"><primary sortas="a-Devices">Devices</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-devices"><primary sortas="e-Devices">Devices</primary></indexterm> <sect2> <title>Creating initial device nodes</title> <para>When the kernel boots the system, it requires the presence of a few device -nodes, in particular the console and null devices:</para> +nodes, in particular the <filename class="devicefile">console</filename> and +<filename class="devicefile">null</filename> devices:</para> <screen><userinput>mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3</userinput></screen> @@ -22,15 +23,17 @@ mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3</userinput></screen> <sect2> <title>Mounting ramfs and populating /dev</title> -<para>The ideal way to populate /dev is to mount a ramfs onto /dev (like tmpfs, but it +<para>The ideal way to populate <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> is +to mount a <systemitem class="filesystem">ramfs</systemitem> onto <filename class="directory">/dev </filename> +like <systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>, but it cannot be swapped) and create the devices on there during each bootup. Since we haven't booted the system, we have to do what the bootscripts would otherwise do for us, and -populate /dev ourselves. Begin by mounting /dev:</para> +populate <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> ourselves. Begin by mounting <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>:</para> <screen><userinput>mount -n -t ramfs none /dev</userinput></screen> <para>Now use the provided udevstart utility to create the initial devices based on -all the information in /sys:</para> +all the information in <filename class="directory">/sys</filename>:</para> <screen><userinput>/tools/sbin/udevstart</userinput></screen> diff --git a/chapter06/strippingagain.xml b/chapter06/strippingagain.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1630cd2af --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter06/strippingagain.xml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd"> +<sect1 id="ch-system-strippingagain"> +<title>Stripping again</title> +<?dbhtml filename="strippingagain.html"?> + +<para>If you are not a programmer and don't plan to do any debugging on your +system software, you can shrink your system by about 200 MB by removing the +debugging symbols from binaries and libraries. This causes no inconvenience +other than not being able to debug the software fully any more.</para> + +<para>Most people who use the command mentioned below don't experience any +problems. But it is easy to make a typo and render your new system unusable, so +before running the strip command it is probably a good idea to make a backup of +the current situation.</para> + +<para>If you are going to perform the stripping, special care is needed to +ensure you're not running any of the binaries that are about to be stripped. +If you're not sure whether you entered chroot with the command given in +<xref linkend="ch-system-chroot"/>, then first exit from chroot:</para> + +<screen><userinput>logout</userinput></screen> + +<para>Then reenter it with:</para> + +<screen><userinput>chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \ + HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ + PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ + /tools/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen> + +<para>Now you can safely strip the binaries and libraries:</para> + +<screen><userinput>/tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \ + -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'</userinput></screen> + +<para>A large number of files will be reported as having their file format not +recognized. These warnings can be safely ignored, they just mean that those +files are scripts instead of binaries, no harm is done.</para> + +<para>If you are really tight on disk space, you may want to use +<parameter>--strip-all</parameter> on the binaries in +<filename class="directory">/{,usr/}{bin,sbin}</filename> to gain several more megabytes. But do +<emphasis>not</emphasis> use this option on libraries: they would be +destroyed.</para> + +</sect1> + |