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-rw-r--r--chapter08/dbus.xml10
-rw-r--r--chapter08/systemd.xml157
-rw-r--r--chapter09/clock.xml6
-rw-r--r--chapter09/consoled.xml14
-rw-r--r--chapter09/etcshells.xml4
-rw-r--r--chapter09/introductiond.xml7
-rw-r--r--chapter09/locale.xml26
-rw-r--r--chapter09/networkd.xml40
-rw-r--r--chapter09/systemd-custom.xml33
-rw-r--r--chapter09/udev.xml10
10 files changed, 140 insertions, 167 deletions
diff --git a/chapter08/dbus.xml b/chapter08/dbus.xml
index 0b06ad3e0..211399207 100644
--- a/chapter08/dbus.xml
+++ b/chapter08/dbus.xml
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>--with-console-auth-dir=/run/console</parameter></term>
<listitem>
- <para>This specifies the location of the ConsoleKit auth
+ <para>This specifies the location of the ConsoleKit authorization
directory.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so.* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so</userinput></screen>
- <para>Create a symlink, so that D-Bus and systemd can use the same
+ <para>Create a symlink so that D-Bus and systemd can use the same
<filename>machine-id</filename> file:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sfv /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus</userinput></screen>
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so</useri
<varlistentry id="dbus-cleanup-sockets">
<term><command>dbus-cleanup-sockets</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to clean up leftover sockets in a directory</para>
+ <para>is used to remove leftover sockets in a directory</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-dbus dbus-cleanup-sockets">
<primary sortas="b-dbus-cleanup-sockets">dbus-cleanup-sockets</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so</useri
<varlistentry id="dbus-daemon">
<term><command>dbus-daemon</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The D-Bus message bus daemon</para>
+ <para>Is the D-Bus message bus daemon</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-dbus dbus-daemon">
<primary sortas="b-dbus-daemon">dbus-daemon</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so</useri
<varlistentry id="dbus-test-tool">
<term><command>dbus-test-tool</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>A tool to help packages test
+ <para>Is a tool to help packages test
<application>D-Bus</application></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-dbus dbus-test-tool">
<primary sortas="b-dbus-test-tool">dbus-test-tool</primary>
diff --git a/chapter08/systemd.xml b/chapter08/systemd.xml
index 319f107a1..4049d726d 100644
--- a/chapter08/systemd.xml
+++ b/chapter08/systemd.xml
@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@
<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-gcc_10-fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
-
- <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
+ <para>Create a symlink to work around the xsltproc command not being installed:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
@@ -96,22 +95,10 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<variablelist>
<title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
-<!--
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>-Dc_args=-Wno-format-overflow</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>The defaults flags passed to gcc contain
- <parameter>-Werror=format-overflow</parameter>, which generates
- an error with GCC 10. Passing this parameter prevents the error
- from occuring.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
--->
-
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter></term>
<listitem>
- <para>These switches provide location of binaries needed by
+ <para>These switches provide the location of binaries needed by
systemd at runtime that have not yet been installed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -154,7 +141,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<term><parameter>-Droot*</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>These switches ensure that core programs and
- shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
+ shared libraries are installed in subdirectories
of the root partition.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -200,11 +187,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<para>Compile the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
-<!--
- <para>To test the package, execute the following command:</para>
-<screen><userinput remap="test">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja test</userinput></screen>
--->
<para>Install the package:</para>
<screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
@@ -232,16 +215,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<para>Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes
some problems with packages and units in BLFS:</para>
-
<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
- <!--
- <para>Prevent systemd from creating <filename>/run/nologin</filename>
- to allow unprivileged user logins without
- <application>systemd-logind</application>:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd-nologin.conf</userinput></screen>
- -->
</sect2>
<sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
@@ -290,7 +265,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="bootctl">
<term><command>bootctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
+ <para>Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
<primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -300,7 +275,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="busctl">
<term><command>busctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
+ <para>Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
<primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -310,7 +285,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
<term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
+ <para>Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
<primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -334,7 +309,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
<term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query and change the system hostname and related
+ <para>Is used to query and change the system hostname and related
settings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
<primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
@@ -345,9 +320,10 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="init">
<term><command>init</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
+ <para>Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
- processes according to its configuration files</para>
+ processes according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts
+ systemd.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
<primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -357,7 +333,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="journalctl">
<term><command>journalctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
+ <para>Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
<primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -367,8 +343,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="kernel-install">
<term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
- from /boot</para>
+ <para>Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
+ from /boot. In LFS, this is done manually.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
<primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -378,7 +354,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="localectl">
<term><command>localectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
+ <para>Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
settings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
<primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
@@ -389,7 +365,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="loginctl">
<term><command>loginctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
+ <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
Manager</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
<primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
@@ -400,7 +376,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="machinectl">
<term><command>machinectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
+ <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
<primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
@@ -411,8 +387,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="networkctl">
<term><command>networkctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to introspect the state of the network links as seen by
- systemd-networkd</para>
+ <para>Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network
+ links configured by systemd-networkd</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
<primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -422,7 +398,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="portablectl">
<term><command>portablectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to attach or detach portable services from the local
+ <para>Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local
system</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
<primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
@@ -433,7 +409,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="poweroff">
<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
+ <para>Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
(see <command>halt</command>)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
<primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
@@ -444,7 +420,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="reboot">
<term><command>reboot</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
+ <para>Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see
<command>halt</command>)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
<primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
@@ -455,7 +431,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="resolvconf">
<term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Register DNS server and domain configuration with
+ <para>Registers DNS server and domain configuration with
<command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
<primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
@@ -466,8 +442,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="resolvectl">
<term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Send control commands to the network name resolution
- manager, or resolve domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
+ <para>Sends control commands to the network name resolution
+ manager, or resolves domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
DNS records, and services.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
<primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
@@ -478,7 +454,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="runlevel">
<term><command>runlevel</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
+ <para>Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
<primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
@@ -489,8 +465,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="shutdown">
<term><command>shutdown</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
- and notifying all logged-in users</para>
+ <para>Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling
+ all processes and notifying all logged-in users</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
<primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -500,7 +476,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemctl">
<term><command>systemctl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
+ <para>Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
and service manager</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
<primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
@@ -511,8 +487,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
<term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to determine system boot-up performance of the current
- boot</para>
+ <para>Is used to determine system startup performance of the current
+ boot, as well as identify troublesome systemd units</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -522,7 +498,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
<term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
+ <para>Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
using a question message specified on the command line</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
@@ -533,7 +509,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
<term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal
+ <para>Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process
+ with the systemd journal.
</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
@@ -566,7 +543,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
<term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to identify and compare configuration files in
+ <para>Is used to identify and compare configuration files in
<filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
@@ -578,7 +555,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
<term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Detects execution in a virtualized environment</para>
+ <para>Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual
+ environment, and adjusts udev accordingly.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -588,7 +566,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
<term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
+ <para>Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
names</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
@@ -599,7 +577,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
<term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to manage hardware database (hwdb)</para>
+ <para>Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -609,7 +587,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
<term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Generate and print id128 strings</para>
+ <para>Generates and prints id128 strings</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -619,8 +597,9 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
<term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
- inhibitor lock taken</para>
+ <para>Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
+ inhibitor lock taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown
+ until the process is completed.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -630,7 +609,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
<term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
+ <para>Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
randomly generated ID</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
@@ -642,7 +621,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
<term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>A tool to temporarily mount or auto-mount a drive.</para>
+ <para>Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -652,7 +631,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
<term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
+ <para>Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
changes</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
@@ -663,7 +642,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
<term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
+ <para>Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
container</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
@@ -674,7 +653,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-path">
<term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query system and user paths</para>
+ <para>Is used to query system and user paths</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -684,7 +663,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-repart">
<term><command>systemd-repart</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used go grow and add partitions to a partition table when
+ <para>Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when
systemd is used in an OS image (e.g. a container).</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-repart">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-repart">systemd-repart</primary>
@@ -695,7 +674,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
<term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
+ <para>Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
resource records, and services</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
@@ -706,29 +685,20 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-run">
<term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit
- and run the specified command in it</para>
+ <para>Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope
+ unit and run the specified command in it. This is useful for
+ validating systemd units.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
</indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <!-- <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">
- <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>To be completed</para>
- <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">
- <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>
- </indexterm>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry> -->
-
<varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
<term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>A tool to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
- connection.</para>
+ <para>Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
+ a successful connection to the socket.</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -751,7 +721,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
<term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Unmount mount points</para>
+ <para>Unmounts mount points</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -761,7 +731,8 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
<term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to list or process pending systemd password requests</para>
+ <para>Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password
+ requests</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
<primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -782,7 +753,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="timedatectl">
<term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Used to query and change the system clock and its settings
+ <para>Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings
</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
<primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
@@ -793,10 +764,10 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="udevadm">
<term><command>udevadm</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Generic udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,
- provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for
- uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and triggers uevents
- for a given device</para>
+ <para>Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd
+ daemon, provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors
+ uevents, waits for uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and
+ triggers uevents for a given device</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
<primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -806,7 +777,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="libsystemd">
<term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The main systemd utility library</para>
+ <para>Is the main systemd utility library</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
<primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
</indexterm>
@@ -816,7 +787,7 @@ meson --prefix=/usr \
<varlistentry id="libudev">
<term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
<listitem>
- <para>A library to access Udev device information</para>
+ <para>Is a library to access Udev device information</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
<primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
</indexterm>
diff --git a/chapter09/clock.xml b/chapter09/clock.xml
index 872ba677c..585017e35 100644
--- a/chapter09/clock.xml
+++ b/chapter09/clock.xml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
<para>This section discusses how to configure the
<command>systemd-timedated</command> system service, which configures
- system clock and timezone.</para>
+ the system clock and timezone.</para>
<para>If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC,
find out by running the <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput>
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
time.</para>
<para><command>systemd-timedated</command> reads <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename>,
- and depending on the contents of the file, it sets the clock to either UTC or
+ and depending on the contents of the file, sets the clock to either UTC or
local time.</para>
<para>Create the <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> file with the following contents
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>timedatectl set-time YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS</userinput></screen>
- <para>Hardware clock will also be updated accordingly.</para>
+ <para>The hardware clock will also be updated accordingly.</para>
<para>To change your current time zone, issue:</para>
diff --git a/chapter09/consoled.xml b/chapter09/consoled.xml
index bf1fdc8e0..76d304d44 100644
--- a/chapter09/consoled.xml
+++ b/chapter09/consoled.xml
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various
language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink
url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>.
- Examine <command>localectl list-keymaps</command> output for a list of
- valid console keymaps. Look in
+ Examine the output of <command>localectl list-keymaps</command> for a list of
+ valid console keymaps. Look in the
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename>
directory for valid screen fonts.</para>
@@ -106,34 +106,34 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<varlistentry>
<term>list-x11-keymap-models</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show known X11 keyboard mapping models.</para>
+ <para>Shows known X11 keyboard mapping models.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>list-x11-keymap-layouts</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show known X11 keyboard mapping layouts.</para>
+ <para>Shows known X11 keyboard mapping layouts.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>list-x11-keymap-variants</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show known X11 keyboard mapping variants.</para>
+ <para>Shows known X11 keyboard mapping variants.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>list-x11-keymap-options</term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show known X11 keyboard mapping options.</para>
+ <para>Shows known X11 keyboard mapping options.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note><para>Using any of the parameters listed above requires the
- XKeyboard Config package from BLFS.</para></note>
+ XKeyboard-Config package from BLFS.</para></note>
</sect1>
diff --git a/chapter09/etcshells.xml b/chapter09/etcshells.xml
index a0d5f21a8..b9d299c93 100644
--- a/chapter09/etcshells.xml
+++ b/chapter09/etcshells.xml
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
<para>For example, this file is consulted by <command>chsh</command>
to determine whether an unprivileged user may change the login shell for her
- own account. If the command name is not listed, the user will be denied of
- change.</para>
+ own account. If the command name is not listed, the user will be denied the
+ ability to change shells.</para>
<para>It is a requirement for applications such as
<application>GDM</application> which does not populate the
diff --git a/chapter09/introductiond.xml b/chapter09/introductiond.xml
index fa2403edb..f0be70cec 100644
--- a/chapter09/introductiond.xml
+++ b/chapter09/introductiond.xml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>Third, configuring the system clock and keyboard layout.</para>
+ <para>Third, configuring the system clock and keyboard layout is shown.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@@ -49,9 +49,8 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-
<para>Fourth, a brief introduction to the scripts and configuration
- files used when the user logs into the system.</para>
+ files used when the user logs into the system is presented.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para>And finally, configuring the systemd behavior.</para>
+ <para>And finally, configuring the behavior of systemd is discussed.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
diff --git a/chapter09/locale.xml b/chapter09/locale.xml
index 5f473ac72..23442a513 100644
--- a/chapter09/locale.xml
+++ b/chapter09/locale.xml
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@
<primary sortas="e-etc-locale-conf">/etc/locale.conf</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> below sets some
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file below sets some
environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting
them properly results in:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para>The output of programs translated into the native language</para>
+ <para>The output of programs being translated into your native language</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other
+ <para>The correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other
classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept
non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales</para>
</listitem>
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@
<para>The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Appropriate default paper size</para>
+ <para>The appropriate default paper size</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para>
+ <para>The correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> below with the two-letter code
- for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
+ for your desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
<replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the appropriate
country (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>). <replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> should
be replaced with the canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
is also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.
Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., require
that <quote>UTF-8</quote> is written as <quote>UTF-8</quote>, not
- <quote>utf8</quote>), so it is safest in most
+ <quote>utf8</quote>), so it is the safest in most
cases to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine
the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale
name&gt;</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput></screen>
encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial
before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the
commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means
- that your locale was either not installed in Chapter&nbsp;6 or is not supported by
- the default installation of Glibc.</para>
+ that your locale was either not installed in Chapter&nbsp;6 or is not
+ supported by the default installation of Glibc.</para>
<screen><computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput></screen>
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput></screen>
Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages from
Glibc.</para>
- <!-- FIXME: the xlib example will became obsolete real soon -->
+ <!-- FIXME: the xlib example will become obsolete in the future.-->
<para>Some packages beyond LFS may also lack support for your chosen locale. One
example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs the
following error message if the locale does not exactly match one of the character
@@ -142,11 +142,13 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
substitutes them with question marks in that locale. Also, an attempt to send
mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine results in non-RFC-conforming
messages being sent (the charset in the outgoing mail is indicated as <quote>unknown
- 8-bit</quote>). So you can use the <quote>C</quote> locale only if you are sure that
- you will never need 8-bit characters.</para>
+ 8-bit</quote>). It's suggested that you use the <quote>C</quote> locale only
+ if you are certain that you will never need 8-bit characters.</para>
+<!--
<para>UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by many programs.
Work is in progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems, see
<ulink url="&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html"/>.</para>
+-->
</sect1>
diff --git a/chapter09/networkd.xml b/chapter09/networkd.xml
index 688c315aa..1acc215b9 100644
--- a/chapter09/networkd.xml
+++ b/chapter09/networkd.xml
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
<para>
Udev normally assigns network card interface names based
- on system physical characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
+ on physical system characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are
not sure what your interface name is, you can always run
<command>ip link</command> after you have booted your system.
</para>
@@ -76,10 +76,9 @@
<para>
Create a manual naming scheme, for example by naming the
interfaces something like "internet0", "dmz0", or "lan0".
- For that, create .link
- files in /etc/systemd/network/, that choose an explicit name or a
- better naming scheme for one, some, or all of your interfaces.
- For example:
+ To do that, create .link files in /etc/systemd/network/ that
+ select an explicit name or a better naming scheme for your
+ network interfaces. For example:
</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link &lt;&lt; "EOF"
@@ -170,9 +169,9 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<note><para>If using another means to configure your network
interfaces (ex: ppp, network-manager, etc.), or if using any type of
- local resolver (ex: bind, dnsmasq, etc.), or any other software that
- generates an <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> (ex: resolvconf), the
- <command>systemd-resolved</command> service should not be
+ local resolver (ex: bind, dnsmasq, unbound, etc.), or any other software
+ that generates an <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> (ex: resolvconf),
+ the <command>systemd-resolved</command> service should not be
used.</para></note>
<para>When using <command>systemd-resolved</command> for DNS
@@ -206,11 +205,13 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>Replace
<replaceable>&lt;IP address of the nameserver&gt;</replaceable>
- with the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will
- often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for
- fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the
- second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address
- may also be a router on the local network.</para>
+ with the IP address of the DNS server most appropriate for your setup.
+ There will often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary
+ servers for fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server,
+ remove the second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file.
+ The IP address may also be a router on the local network. Another option
+ is to use the Google Public DNS service using the IP addresses below as
+ nameservers.</para>
<note><para>The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are
<parameter>8.8.8.8</parameter> and <parameter>8.8.4.4</parameter>
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
</indexterm>
<para>Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases
- for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static
+ for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static IP
addresses, you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax
for a hosts file entry is:</para>
@@ -285,11 +286,9 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
this IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
<para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
- This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
+ This is necessary for certain programs, such as MTAs, to operate properly.</para>
- <para>If using DHCP, DHCPv6, IPv6 Autoconfiguration, or if a network card
- is not going to be configured, create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
- file by running the following command:</para>
+ <para>Create the /etc/hosts file using the following command:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts
@@ -307,13 +306,14 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
the IPv6 loopback interface. 127.0.1.1 is a loopback entry reserved
specifically for the FQDN.</para>
+<!--
<para>If using a static address, create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
file by running this command instead:</para>
<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts
-127.0.0.1 localhost
+127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable>
<replaceable>&lt;192.168.0.2&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a
network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an
existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.</para>
-
+-->
</sect2>
</sect1>
diff --git a/chapter09/systemd-custom.xml b/chapter09/systemd-custom.xml
index 787fd4572..809c1a273 100644
--- a/chapter09/systemd-custom.xml
+++ b/chapter09/systemd-custom.xml
@@ -49,13 +49,14 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<title>Disabling tmpfs for /tmp</title>
<para>By default, <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> is created as
- a tmpfs. If this is not desired, it can be overridden by the following:</para>
+ a tmpfs. If this is not desired, it can be overridden by executing the
+ following command:</para>
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>ln -sfv /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount</userinput></screen>
<para>Alternatively, if a a separate partition for
<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> is desired, specify that
- partition in an <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry.</para>
+ partition in a <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry.</para>
<warning>
<para>
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override
files with the same name in
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. See
- <filename>tmpfiles.d(5)</filename> manual page for file format
+ <filename>tmpfiles.d(5)</filename> manual page for file format
details.</para>
<para>
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
is really only applicable to btrfs filesystems. It references type v
which in turn references type d (directory). This then creates the
specified directory if is is not present and adjusts the permissions
- and ownership as specified. Contents of the directory will be
+ and ownership as specified. Contents of the directory will be
subject to time based cleanup if the age argument is specified.
</para>
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ cp /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf /etc/tmpfiles.d</userinput></screen>
<sect2>
<title>Overriding Default Services Behavior</title>
- <para>The parameter of a unit can be overriden by creating a directory
+ <para>The parameters of a unit can be overriden by creating a directory
and a configuration file in <filename
class="directory">/etc/systemd/system</filename>. For example:</para>
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>Logging on a system booted with systemd is handled with
systemd-journald (by default), rather than a typical unix syslog daemon.
- You can also add a normal syslog daemon and have both work side by
+ You can also add a normal syslog daemon and have both operate side by
side if desired. The systemd-journald program stores journal entries in a
binary format rather than a plain text log file. To assist with
parsing the file, the command <command>journalctl</command> is provided.
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
chronological order.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><command>journalctl -f</command>: povides functionality similar
+ <para><command>journalctl -f</command>: provides functionality similar
to tail -f (follow).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -215,23 +216,23 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
<para>Core dumps are useful to debug crashed programs, especially
when a daemon process crashes. On systemd booted systems the core
dumping is handled by <command>systemd-coredump</command>. It will
- log the core dump into the journal and store the core dump itself in
+ log the core dump in the journal and store the core dump itself in
<filename class="directory">/var/lib/systemd/coredump</filename>.
- To retrieve and process core dumps, <command>coredumpctl</command>
+ To retrieve and process core dumps, the <command>coredumpctl</command>
tool is provided. Here are some examples of frequently used commands:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><command>coredumpctl -r</command>: lists all core dumps in
- reversed chronological order.</para>
+ reverse chronological order.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><command>coredumpctl -1 info</command>: show the information
- of the last core dump.</para>
+ <para><command>coredumpctl -1 info</command>: shows the information
+ from the last core dump.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><command>coredumpctl -1 debug</command>: load the last core
+ <para><command>coredumpctl -1 debug</command>: loads the last core
dump into <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gdb.html">GDB</ulink>.
</para>
</listitem>
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ cat &gt; /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/maxuse.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
MaxUse=5G</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>
- <para>See <filename>systemd-coredump(8)</filename>,
+ <para>See the <filename>systemd-coredump(8)</filename>,
<filename>coredumpctl(1)</filename>, and
<filename>coredump.conf.d(5)</filename> manual pages for more
information.</para>
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
advantage of explicitly allowing and disallowing processes to run
after the user session has ended, but breaks backwards compatibility
with tools like <command>nohup</command> and utilities that use
- <function>deamon()</function>.
+ <function>daemon()</function>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
- <emphasis>Disable at build-time</emphasis>: You can enable
+ <emphasis>Disable at build-time</emphasis>: You can disable
lingering by default while building systemd by adding the switch
<parameter>-Ddefault-kill-user-processes=false</parameter> to the
<command>meson</command> command for systemd. This completely
diff --git a/chapter09/udev.xml b/chapter09/udev.xml
index 508795a03..a3a7c0cf9 100644
--- a/chapter09/udev.xml
+++ b/chapter09/udev.xml
@@ -223,13 +223,13 @@
<para>Note that the <quote>softdep</quote> command also allows
<literal>pre:</literal> dependencies, or a mixture of both
- <literal>pre:</literal> and <literal>post:</literal>. See the
- <filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> manual page for more information
+ <literal>pre:</literal> and <literal>post:</literal> dependencies. See
+ the <filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> manual page for more information
on <quote>softdep</quote> syntax and capabilities.</para>
- <para>If the module in question is not a wrapper and is useful by itself,
- configure the <command>modules</command> bootscript to load this
- module on system boot. To do this, add the module name to the
+ <para revision="sysv">If the module in question is not a wrapper and is
+ useful by itself, configure the <command>modules</command> bootscript to
+ load this module on system boot. To do this, add the module name to the
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename> file on a separate line.
This works for wrapper modules too, but is suboptimal in that case.</para>
generated by cgit v1.2.3-54-g00ecf (git 2.39.0) at 2024-12-30 23:34:48 +0000