diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'chapter04')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/aboutlfs.xml | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/aboutsbus.xml | 36 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/abouttestsuites.xml | 36 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/addinguser.xml | 69 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml | 38 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter04/settingenviron.xml | 61 |
6 files changed, 1 insertions, 264 deletions
diff --git a/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml b/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml index e974e445c..3b8a979be 100644 --- a/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml +++ b/chapter04/aboutlfs.xml @@ -9,29 +9,4 @@ <para>See testing</para> -<!-- -<para>Throughout this book the environment variable LFS will be used several -times. It is paramount that this variable is always defined. It should be set -to the mount point you chose for your LFS partition. Check that your LFS -variable is set up properly with:</para> - -<screen><userinput>echo $LFS</userinput></screen> - -<para>Make sure the output shows the path to your LFS partition's mount -point, which is <filename class="directory">/mnt/lfs</filename> if you -followed our example. If the output is wrong, you can always set the variable -with:</para> - -<screen><userinput>export LFS=/mnt/lfs</userinput></screen> - -<para>Having this variable set means that if you are told to run a command like -<command>mkdir $LFS/tools</command>, you can type it literally. Your shell -will replace <quote>$LFS</quote> with <quote>/mnt/lfs</quote> (or whatever -you set the variable to) when it processes the command line.</para> - -<para>Don't forget to check that <quote>$LFS</quote> is set whenever you leave and -reenter the environment (as when doing a <quote>su</quote> to root or another user). -</para> ---> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter04/aboutsbus.xml b/chapter04/aboutsbus.xml index 1e73867f6..5dcde564d 100644 --- a/chapter04/aboutsbus.xml +++ b/chapter04/aboutsbus.xml @@ -9,40 +9,4 @@ <para>See testing</para> -<!-- -<para>Most people would like to know beforehand approximately how long it -takes to compile and install each package. But <quote>Linux from Scratch</quote> is built -on so many different systems, it is not possible to give actual times that are -anywhere near accurate: the biggest package (Glibc) won't take more than -twenty minutes on the fastest systems, but will take something like three days -on the slowest - no kidding. So instead of giving actual times, we've come up -with the idea of using the <emphasis>Static Binutils Unit</emphasis> -(abbreviated to <emphasis>SBU</emphasis>).</para> - -<para>It works like this: the first package you compile in this book is the -statically linked Binutils in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>, and the time it -takes to compile this package is what we call the <quote>Static Binutils -Unit</quote> or <quote>SBU</quote>. All other compile times will be expressed -relative to this time.</para> - -<para>For example, consider a particular package whose compilation time is 4.5 -SBUs. This means that if on your system it took 10 minutes to compile and -install the static Binutils, then you know it will take -<emphasis>approximately</emphasis> 45 minutes to build this package. -Fortunately, most build times are much shorter than the one of Binutils.</para> - -<para>Note that if the system compiler on your host is GCC-2 based, the SBUs -listed may end up being somewhat understated. This is because the SBU is based -on the very first package, compiled with the old GCC, while the rest of the -system is compiled with the newer GCC-&gcc-version; which is known to be -approximately 30% slower.</para> - -<para>Also note that SBUs don't work well for SMP-based machines. But if you're -so lucky as to have multiple processors, chances are that your system is so fast -that you won't mind.</para> - -<para>If you wish to see actual timings for specific machines, have a look at -<ulink url="&lfs-root;~bdubbs/"/>.</para> ---> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter04/abouttestsuites.xml b/chapter04/abouttestsuites.xml index aca364c96..55dc3b9ac 100644 --- a/chapter04/abouttestsuites.xml +++ b/chapter04/abouttestsuites.xml @@ -9,40 +9,4 @@ <para>See testing</para> -<!-- -<para>Most packages provide a test suite. Running the test suite for a newly -built package is generally a good idea, as it can provide a nice sanity check -that everything compiled correctly. A test suite that passes its set of checks -usually proves that the package is functioning as the developer intended. It -does not, however, guarantee that the package is totally bug free.</para> - -<para>Some test suites are more important than others. For example, the test -suites for the core toolchain packages - GCC, Binutils, and Glibc - are of -the utmost importance due to their central role in a properly functioning -system. But be warned, the test suites for GCC and Glibc can take a very long -time to complete, especially on slower hardware.</para> - -<note><para>Experience has shown us that there is little to be gained from running -the test suites in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>. There can be no -escaping the fact that the host system always exerts some influence on the -tests in that chapter, often causing weird and inexplicable failures. Not only -that, the tools built in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> are -temporary and eventually discarded. For the average reader of this book we -recommend <emphasis>not</emphasis> to run the test suites in -<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>. The instructions for running those test -suites are still provided for the benefit of testers and developers, but they -are strictly optional for everyone else.</para></note> - -<para>A common problem when running the test suites for Binutils and GCC is -running out of pseudo terminals (PTYs for short). The symptom is a very high -number of failing tests. This can happen for several reasons, but the most -likely cause is that the host system doesn't have the -<emphasis>devpts</emphasis> file system set up correctly. We'll discuss this in -more detail later on in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>.</para> - -<para>Sometimes package test suites will give false failures. You can -consult the LFS Wiki at <ulink url="&wiki-root;"/> to verify that these -failures are normal. This applies to all tests throughout the book.</para> ---> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter04/addinguser.xml b/chapter04/addinguser.xml index ad0a3e836..838fc8b4f 100644 --- a/chapter04/addinguser.xml +++ b/chapter04/addinguser.xml @@ -7,84 +7,17 @@ <title>Adding the user lfs</title> <?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?> -<!-- -<para>When logged in as <emphasis>root</emphasis>, making a single mistake -can damage or even wreck your system. Therefore we recommend that you -build the packages in this chapter as an unprivileged user. You could -of course use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean -work environment we'll create a new user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> as a -member of a new group (also named <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>) and -use this one during the installation process. As <emphasis>root</emphasis>, -issue the following commands to add the new user:</para> ---> +<para>Issue the following commands to add the new user:</para> <screen><userinput>groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>The meaning of the switches:</para> - -<variablelist> -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This makes -<command>bash</command> the default shell for user -<emphasis>lfs</emphasis>.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This adds user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> to group -<emphasis>lfs</emphasis></para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>-m</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This creates a home -directory for <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry> -<term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term> -<listitem><para>This parameter -prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton directory (default -is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>) by changing the input location to -the special null device.</para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para>If you want to be able to log in as <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, then give -<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> a password:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>and grant <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> full access to -<filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making -<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> the directory owner:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>If you made a separate working directory as suggested, give user -<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> ownership of this directory too:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>Next, login as user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>. This can be done via a -virtual console, through a display manager, or with the following substitute -user command:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs <command>su</command> to -start a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell.</para> ---> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml b/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml index 47ee36a57..7575b3811 100644 --- a/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml +++ b/chapter04/creatingtoolsdir.xml @@ -7,46 +7,8 @@ <title>Creating the $LFS/tools directory</title> <?dbhtml filename="creatingtoolsdir.html"?> -<!-- -<para>All programs compiled in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> will be installed under <filename -class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> to keep them separate from the -programs compiled in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. The programs compiled here are only -temporary tools and won't be a part of the final LFS system and by keeping them -in a separate directory, we can later easily throw them away. This also -helps prevent them from ending up in your host's production directories -(easy to do in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>), which could be a very bad thing.</para> - -<para>Later on you might wish to search through the binaries of your system to -see what files they make use of or link against. To make this searching easier -you may want to choose a unique name for the directory in which the temporary -tools are stored. Instead of the simple <quote>tools</quote> you could use -something like <quote>tools-for-lfs</quote>. However, you'll need to be careful -to adjust all references to <quote>tools</quote> throughout the book - -including those in any patches, notably the GCC Specs Patch.</para> - -<para>Create the required directory by running the following:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>mkdir $LFS/tools</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>The next step is to create a <filename>/tools</filename> symlink on -your <emphasis>host</emphasis> system. It will point to the directory we just created on the LFS -partition:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>ln -s $LFS/tools /</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<note><para>The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command -has a few syntactic variations, so be sure to check the info page before -reporting what you may think is an error.</para></note> - -<para>The created symlink enables us to compile our toolchain so that it always -refers to <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>, meaning that the compiler, assembler -and linker will work both in this chapter (when we are still using some tools -from the host) <emphasis>and</emphasis> in the next (when we are <quote>chrooted</quote> to -the LFS partition).</para> ---> - </sect1> diff --git a/chapter04/settingenviron.xml b/chapter04/settingenviron.xml index f287b93b9..cf3777dd8 100644 --- a/chapter04/settingenviron.xml +++ b/chapter04/settingenviron.xml @@ -7,35 +7,10 @@ <title>Setting up the environment</title> <?dbhtml filename="settingenvironment.html"?> -<!-- -<para>We're going to set up a good working environment by creating two new -startup files for the <command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as -user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, issue the following command to create a new -<filename>.bash_profile</filename>:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>Normally, when you log on as user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>, -the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the -<filename>/etc/profile</filename> of your host (probably containing some -settings of environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. -The <command>exec env -i ... /bin/bash</command> command in the latter file -replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty environment, -except for the HOME, TERM and PS1 variables. This ensures that no unwanted and -potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into our -build environment. The technique used here is a little strange, but it achieves -the goal of enforcing a clean environment.</para> - -<para>The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell, -which doesn't read the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or -<filename>.bash_profile</filename> files, but reads the -<filename>.bashrc</filename> file instead. Create this latter file now:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 @@ -45,42 +20,6 @@ PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin export LFS LC_ALL PATH EOF</userinput></screen> -<!-- -<para>The <command>set +h</command> command turns off -<command>bash</command>'s hash function. Normally hashing is a useful -feature: <command>bash</command> uses a hash table to remember the -full pathnames of executable files to avoid searching the PATH time and time -again to find the same executable. However, we'd like the new tools to be -used as soon as they are installed. By switching off the hash function, our -<quote>interactive</quote> commands (<command>make</command>, -<command>patch</command>, <command>sed</command>, -<command>cp</command> and so forth) will always use -the newest available version during the build process.</para> - -<para>Setting the user file-creation mask to 022 ensures that newly created -files and directories are only writable for their owner, but readable and -executable for anyone.</para> - -<para>The LFS variable should of course be set to the mount point you -chose.</para> - -<para>The LC_ALL variable controls the localization of certain programs, -making their messages follow the conventions of a specified country. If your -host system uses a version of Glibc older than 2.2.4, -having LC_ALL set to something other than <quote>POSIX</quote> or -<quote>C</quote> during this chapter may cause trouble if you exit the chroot -environment and wish to return later. By setting LC_ALL to <quote>POSIX</quote> -(or <quote>C</quote>, the two are equivalent) we ensure that -everything will work as expected in the chroot environment.</para> - -<para>We prepend <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> to the standard PATH so -that, as we move along through this chapter, the tools we build will get used -during the rest of the building process.</para> - -<para>Finally, to have our environment fully prepared for building the -temporary tools, source the just-created profile:</para> ---> - <screen><userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen> </sect1> |