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Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06/pwdgroup.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/pwdgroup.xml | 55 |
1 files changed, 4 insertions, 51 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml index bb7a09066..d82e5d48b 100644 --- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml +++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml @@ -7,30 +7,13 @@ <title>The passwd, group and log files</title> <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary></indexterm> - -<para>In order for <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login and for the -name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to be relevant entries in -the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files. -</para> - -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following -command:</para> +<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>The actual password for <emphasis>root</emphasis> (the <quote>x</quote> -here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para> - -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following -command:</para> +<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF" root:x:0: @@ -50,44 +33,14 @@ utmp:x:13: usb:x:14: EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>The created groups aren't part of any standard -- they are some of the -groups that the Udev configuration we will be using in the next section -uses. The LSB (<ulink url="http://www.linuxbase.org/">Linux Standard -Base</ulink>) recommends only that, beside the group <quote>root</quote> with a -GID of 0, a group <quote>bin</quote> with a GID of 1 be present. All other group -names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator, since -well-written packages don't depend on GID numbers but use the group's name. -</para> - -<para>To get rid of the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, we will start a -new shell. Since we installed a full Glibc in -<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>, and have just created the -<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files, -user name and group name resolution will now work.</para> +<para>Start a new shell:</para> <screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> -<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells -<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this -directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it -has executed. Since we want to use our newly compiled binaries as soon as -they are installed, we turn off this function for the duration of this -chapter.</para> - -<para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command> and -<command>init</command> programs (and some others) use a number of log -files to record information such as who was logged into the system and when. -These programs, however, won't write to the log files if they don't already -exist. Initialize the log files and give them their proper permissions:</para> +<para>Initialize the log files and give them their proper permissions:</para> <screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen> -<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that are -currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records all -logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records for -each user when he or she last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> -file records the bad login attempts.</para> - </sect1> |