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Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06/pwdgroup.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/pwdgroup.xml | 128 |
1 files changed, 74 insertions, 54 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml index ff561570d..a58edade6 100644 --- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml +++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml @@ -1,36 +1,56 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> %general-entities; ]> + <sect1 id="ch-system-pwdgroup"> -<title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title> -<?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> + <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> + + <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary> + </indexterm> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary> + </indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary> + </indexterm> -<para>In order for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login -and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there must be relevant -entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and -<filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary> + </indexterm> -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following -command:</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary> + </indexterm> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"> + <primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary> + </indexterm> + + <para>In order for user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to be + able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there + must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and + <filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para> + + <para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following + command:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" <literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>The actual password for <emphasis>root</emphasis> (the <quote>x</quote> -used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para> + <para>The actual password for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> + (the <quote>x</quote> used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para> -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following -command:</para> + <para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following + command:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF" <literal>root:x:0: @@ -51,49 +71,49 @@ usb:x:14: cdrom:x:15:</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>The created groups are not part of any standard—they are groups -decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in this -chapter, and in part by common convention employed by a number of existing Linux -distributions. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink -url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only that, besides the group -<quote>root</quote> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <quote>bin</quote> with -a GID of 1 be present. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by -the system administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID -numbers, but rather use the group's name.</para> - -<para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new -shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref -linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and the -<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> -files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now -work.</para> + <para>The created groups are not part of any standard—they are groups + decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in this + chapter, and in part by common convention employed by a number of existing + Linux distributions. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink + url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only that, besides the group + <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, + a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be + present. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system + administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but + rather use the group's name.</para> + + <para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new + shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref + linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and the + <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> + files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now + work.</para> <screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> -<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells -<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this -directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it has -executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they are -installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the duration -of this chapter.</para> + <para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells + <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this + directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it has + executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as they are + installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for the duration + of this chapter.</para> -<para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and -<command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log -files to record information such as who was logged into the system and -when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they -do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them -proper permissions:</para> + <para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and + <command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log + files to record information such as who was logged into the system and + when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they + do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them + proper permissions:</para> <screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen> -<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users -that are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> -file records all logins and logouts. The -<filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when -each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file -records the bad login attempts.</para> + <para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users + that are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> + file records all logins and logouts. The + <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when + each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file + records the bad login attempts.</para> </sect1> - |