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Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06/pwdgroup.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/pwdgroup.xml | 60 |
1 files changed, 56 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml index 864c818f3..990fe976e 100644 --- a/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml +++ b/chapter06/pwdgroup.xml @@ -7,13 +7,30 @@ <title>Creating the passwd, group, and log Files</title> <?dbhtml filename="pwdgroup.html"?> -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file:</para> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/passwd">/etc/passwd</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/etc/group">/etc/group</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/run/utmp">/var/run/utmp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/btmp">/var/log/btmp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/lastlog">/var/log/lastlog</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm zone="ch-system-pwdgroup"><primary sortas="e-/var/log/wtmp">/var/log/wtmp</primary></indexterm> + +<para>In order for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> to be able to login +and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there need to +be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and +<filename>/etc/group</filename> files.</para> + +<para>Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following +command:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" <literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file:</para> +<para>The actual password for <emphasis>root</emphasis> (the <quote>x</quote> +used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.</para> + +<para>Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following +command:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/group << "EOF" <literal>root:x:0: @@ -33,14 +50,49 @@ utmp:x:13: usb:x:14:</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> -<para>Start a new shell:</para> +<para>The created groups are not part of any standard—they are some +of the groups that the Udev configuration will be using in the next +section. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink +url="http://www.linuxbase.org"/>) recommends only that, besides the +group <quote>root</quote> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group +<quote>bin</quote> with a GID of 1 be present. All other group names +and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since +well-written packages do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the +group's name.</para> + +<para>To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new +shell. Since a full Glibc was installed in <xref +linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and the +<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> +files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now +work.</para> <screen><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h</userinput></screen> -<para>Initialize the log files and give them their proper permissions:</para> +<para>Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This +tells <command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. +Without this directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the +paths to binaries it has executed. In order to use the newly compiled +binaries as soon as they are installed, turn off this function for the +duration of this chapter.</para> + +<para>The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and +<command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log +files to record information such as who was logged into the system and +when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they +do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them +proper permissions:</para> <screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} chgrp utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog</userinput></screen> +<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file records the users +that are currently logged in. The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> +file records all logins and logouts. The +<filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when +each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file +records the bad login attempts.</para> + </sect1> + |