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Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06/shadow.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/shadow.xml | 342 |
1 files changed, 9 insertions, 333 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/shadow.xml b/chapter06/shadow.xml index 096d7c6bc..34a386534 100644 --- a/chapter06/shadow.xml +++ b/chapter06/shadow.xml @@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ <indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow"><primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary></indexterm> <sect2 role="package"><title/> -<para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure -way.</para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> @@ -19,11 +17,6 @@ way.</para> <seglistitem><seg>0.4 SBU</seg><seg>11 MB</seg></seglistitem> </segmentedlist> -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Shadow installation depends on</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Bison, Coreutils, -Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> </sect2> <sect2 role="installation"> @@ -41,47 +34,34 @@ Diffutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Sed</seg></seglistitem> <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen> -<para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the -system. Install these two config files:</para> +<para>Install two config files:</para> <screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen> -<para>Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, we want -to use the more secure <emphasis>MD5</emphasis> method of password encryption, -which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. We also need to -change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> -location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename -class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. We accomplish -both these things by changing the relevant configuration file while copying it -to its destination (it's probably better to cut-and-paste this rather than try -and type it all in):</para> +<para>Change a configuration file while copying it:</para> <screen><userinput>sed -e's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \ -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' \ < etc/login.defs.linux > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen> -<para>Move some misplaced symlinks/programs to their proper locations:</para> +<para>Move a program:</para> <screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen> -<para>And move Shadow's static library to a more appropriate location:</para> +<para>Move a library:</para> <screen><userinput>mv /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib</userinput></screen> -<para>As some packages expect to find the libraries in -<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para> +<para>Create the following symlinks:</para> <screen><userinput>rm /lib/libshadow.so ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so</userinput></screen> -<para>The <parameter>-D</parameter> option of the <command>useradd</command> program requires this -directory for it to work properly:</para> +<para>Create a dir:</para> <screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/default</userinput></screen> -<para>Coreutils has already installed a better <command>groups</command> -program in <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. Remove the one -installed by Shadow:</para> +<para>Remove a program:</para> <screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen> @@ -89,20 +69,8 @@ installed by Shadow:</para> <sect2 id="conf-shadow" role="configuration"><title>Configuring Shadow</title> -<indexterm zone="conf-shadow"> -<primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary> -<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm> -<para>This package contains utilities to add, modify and delete users and -groups, set and change their passwords, and other such administrative tasks. -For a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, -see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source tree. -There's one thing to keep in mind if you decide to use Shadow support: programs -that need to verify passwords (display managers, ftp programs, pop3 daemons, -and the like) need to be <emphasis>shadow-compliant</emphasis>, that is they -need to be able to work with shadowed passwords.</para> - -<para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para> +<para>To enable shadowed passwords:</para> <screen><userinput>pwconv</userinput></screen> @@ -110,11 +78,6 @@ need to be able to work with shadowed passwords.</para> <screen><userinput>grpconv</userinput></screen> -<para>Under normal circumstances, you won't have created any passwords yet. -However, if returning to this section later to enable shadowing, you should -reset any current user passwords with the <command>passwd</command> command or -any group passwords with the <command>gpasswd</command> command.</para> - </sect2> @@ -130,294 +93,7 @@ any group passwords with the <command>gpasswd</command> command.</para> <sect2 id="contents-shadow" role="content"><title>Contents of Shadow</title> -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, -groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, groups, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, -logoutd, mkpasswd, newgrp, newusers, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg -(link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw) and vipw</seg> -</seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title> - -<varlistentry id="chage"> -<term><command>chage</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chage"><primary sortas="b-chage">chage</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to change the maximum number of -days between obligatory password changes.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="chfn"> -<term><command>chfn</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chfn"><primary sortas="b-chfn">chfn</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to change a user's full name and some other info.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="chpasswd"> -<term><command>chpasswd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chpasswd"><primary sortas="b-chpasswd">chpasswd</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to update the passwords of a -whole series of user accounts in one go.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="chsh"> -<term><command>chsh</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow chsh"><primary sortas="b-chsh">chsh</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to change a user's default login shell.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="expiry"> -<term><command>expiry</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow expiry"><primary sortas="b-expiry">expiry</primary></indexterm> -<para>checks and enforces the current password expiration policy.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="faillog"> -<term><command>faillog</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow faillog"><primary sortas="b-faillog">faillog</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of -failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="gpasswd"> -<term><command>gpasswd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow gpasswd"><primary sortas="b-gpasswd">gpasswd</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="groupadd"> -<term><command>groupadd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupadd"><primary sortas="b-groupadd">groupadd</primary></indexterm> -<para>creates a group with the given name.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="groupdel"> -<term><command>groupdel</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupdel"><primary sortas="b-groupdel">groupdel</primary></indexterm> -<para>deletes the group with the given name.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="groupmod"> -<term><command>groupmod</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groupmod"><primary sortas="b-groupmod">groupmod</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to modify the given group's name or GID.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="groups"> -<term><command>groups</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow groups"><primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary></indexterm> -<para>reports the groups of which the given users are members.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="grpck"> -<term><command>grpck</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpck"><primary sortas="b-grpck">grpck</primary></indexterm> -<para>verifies the integrity of the group files, <filename>/etc/group</filename> -and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="grpconv"> -<term><command>grpconv</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpconv"><primary sortas="b-grpconv">grpconv</primary></indexterm> -<para>creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="grpunconv"> -<term><command>grpunconv</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow grpunconv"><primary sortas="b-grpunconv">grpunconv</primary></indexterm> -<para>updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> -from <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="lastlog"> -<term><command>lastlog</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow lastlog"><primary sortas="b-lastlog">lastlog</primary></indexterm> -<para>reports the most recent login of all users, or of a given user.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="login"> -<term><command>login</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow login"><primary sortas="b-login">login</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used by the system to let users sign on.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="logoutd"> -<term><command>logoutd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow logoutd"><primary sortas="b-logoutd">logoutd</primary></indexterm> -<para>is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="mkpasswd"> -<term><command>mkpasswd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow mkpasswd"><primary sortas="b-mkpasswd">mkpasswd</primary></indexterm> -<para>encrypts the given password using the also given perturbation.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="newgrp"> -<term><command>newgrp</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newgrp"><primary sortas="b-newgrp">newgrp</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to change the current GID during a login session.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="newusers"> -<term><command>newusers</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow newusers"><primary sortas="b-newusers">newusers</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to create or update a whole series of user accounts in one go.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="passwd"> -<term><command>passwd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow passwd"><primary sortas="b-passwd">passwd</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to change the password for a user or group account.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="pwck"> -<term><command>pwck</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwck"><primary sortas="b-pwck">pwck</primary></indexterm> -<para>verifies the integrity of the password files, -<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="pwconv"> -<term><command>pwconv</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwconv"><primary sortas="b-pwconv">pwconv</primary></indexterm> -<para>creates or updates the shadow password file -from the normal password file.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="pwunconv"> -<term><command>pwunconv</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow pwunconv"><primary sortas="b-pwunconv">pwunconv</primary></indexterm> -<para>updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> -from <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="sg"> -<term><command>sg</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow sg"><primary sortas="b-sg">sg</primary></indexterm> -<para>executes a given command while the user's GID -is set to that of the given group.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="su"> -<term><command>su</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow su"><primary sortas="b-su">su</primary></indexterm> -<para>runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="useradd"> -<term><command>useradd</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow useradd"><primary sortas="b-useradd">useradd</primary></indexterm> -<para>creates a new user with the given name, -or updates the default new-user information.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="userdel"> -<term><command>userdel</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow userdel"><primary sortas="b-userdel">userdel</primary></indexterm> -<para>deletes the given user account.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="usermod"> -<term><command>usermod</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow usermod"><primary sortas="b-usermod">usermod</primary></indexterm> -<para>is used to modify the given user's login name, UID (User Identification), -shell, initial group, home directory, and the like.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="vigr"> -<term><command>vigr</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vigr"><primary sortas="b-vigr">vigr</primary></indexterm> -<para>can be used to edit the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or -<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="vipw"> -<term><command>vipw</command></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow vipw"><primary sortas="b-vipw">vipw</primary></indexterm> -<para>can be used to edit the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or -<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="libmisc"> -<term><filename class="libraryfile">libmisc</filename></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libmisc"><primary sortas="c-libmisc">libmisc</primary></indexterm> -<para>...</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="libshadow"> -<term><filename class="libraryfile">libshadow</filename></term> -<listitem> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-shadow libshadow"><primary sortas="c-libshadow">libshadow</primary></indexterm> -<para>contains functions used by most programs in this package.</para> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> +<para>See testing</para> </sect2> |