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Diffstat (limited to 'chapter06/sysvinit.xml')
| -rw-r--r-- | chapter06/sysvinit.xml | 479 |
1 files changed, 268 insertions, 211 deletions
diff --git a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml index a82fdd9a8..e2d8677cb 100644 --- a/chapter06/sysvinit.xml +++ b/chapter06/sysvinit.xml @@ -1,69 +1,87 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> -<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> %general-entities; ]> + <sect1 id="ch-system-sysvinit" role="wrap"> -<title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title> -<?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?> - -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit"><primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary></indexterm> - -<sect2 role="package"><title/> -<para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup, -running, and shutdown of the system.</para> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> -<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>1012 KB</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Glibc, and Make</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> -</sect2> - -<sect2 role="installation"> -<title>Installation of Sysvinit</title> - -<para>When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the -system), <command>init</command> sends termination signals to those -processes that <command>init</command> itself started and that should -not be running in the new run-level. While doing this, -<command>init</command> outputs messages like <quote>Sending processes -the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these -signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this -misinterpretation, modify the source so that these messages read like -<quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote> -instead:</para> + <?dbhtml filename="sysvinit.html"?> + + <title>Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;</title> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit"> + <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary> + </indexterm> + + <sect2 role="package"> + <title/> + + <para>The Sysvinit package contains programs for controlling the startup, + running, and shutdown of the system.</para> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> + <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>0.1 SBU</seg><seg>1012 KB</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Glibc, and Make</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 role="installation"> + <title>Installation of Sysvinit</title> + + <para>When run-levels are changed (for example, when halting the + system), <command>init</command> sends termination signals to those + processes that <command>init</command> itself started and that should + not be running in the new run-level. While doing this, + <command>init</command> outputs messages like <quote>Sending processes + the TERM signal</quote> which seem to imply that it is sending these + signals to all currently running processes. To avoid this + misinterpretation, modify the source so that these messages read like + <quote>Sending processes started by init the TERM signal</quote> + instead:</para> <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@Sending processes@& started by init@g' \ src/init.c</userinput></screen> -<para>Compile the package:</para> + <para>Compile the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make -C src</userinput></screen> -<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para> + <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para> -<para>Install the package:</para> + <para>Install the package:</para> <screen><userinput>make -C src install</userinput></screen> -</sect2> + </sect2> + <sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration"> + <title>Configuring Sysvinit</title> -<sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration"><title>Configuring Sysvinit</title> -<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"> -<primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary> -<secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm> + <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"> + <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary> + <secondary>configuring</secondary> + </indexterm> -<indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"><primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit"> + <primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary> + </indexterm> -<para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> by running the -following:</para> + <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> by running the + following:</para> <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" <literal># Begin /etc/inittab @@ -93,170 +111,209 @@ su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin # End /etc/inittab</literal> EOF</userinput></screen> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="contents-sysvinit" role="content"><title>Contents of Sysvinit</title> - -<segmentedlist> -<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> -<seglistitem><seg>halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, pidof (link to -killall5), poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit -(link to init), utmpdump, and wall</seg></seglistitem> -</segmentedlist> - -<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> -<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> -<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> - -<varlistentry id="halt"> -<term><command>halt</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the -<parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0, -then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the -file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being -brought down</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt"><primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="init"> -<term><command>init</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized -the hardware which takes over the boot process and -starts all the proceses it is instructed to</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init"><primary sortas="b-init">init</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="killall5"> -<term><command>killall5</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own -session so it will not kill the shell running the script that called -it</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5"><primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="last"> -<term><command>last</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), -searching back through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it -also shows system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last"><primary sortas="b-last">last</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="lastb"> -<term><command>lastb</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in -<filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb"><primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="mesg"> -<term><command>mesg</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current -user's terminal</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg"><primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="mountpoint"> -<term><command>mountpoint</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mountpoint"><primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="pidof"> -<term><command>pidof</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Reports the PIDs of the given programs</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof"><primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="poweroff"> -<term><command>poweroff</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer -(see <command>halt</command>)</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff"><primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="reboot"> -<term><command>reboot</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see -<command>halt</command>)</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot"><primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="runlevel"> -<term><command>runlevel</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the last run-level -record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel"><primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="shutdown"> -<term><command>shutdown</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes -and notifying all logged-in users</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown"><primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="sulogin"> -<term><command>sulogin</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Allows <emphasis>root</emphasis> to log in; it is -normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes into single user mode</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin"><primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="telinit"> -<term><command>telinit</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit"><primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="utmpdump"> -<term><command>utmpdump</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more -user-friendly format</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump"><primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> - -<varlistentry id="wall"> -<term><command>wall</command></term> -<listitem> -<para>Writes a message to all logged-in users</para> -<indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall"><primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary></indexterm> -</listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -</sect2> -</sect1> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="contents-sysvinit" role="content"> + <title>Contents of Sysvinit</title> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>halt, init, killall5, last, lastb (link to last), mesg, mountpoint, + pidof (link to killall5), poweroff (link to halt), reboot (link to halt), + runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit (link to init), utmpdump, and + wall</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + <variablelist> + <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> + <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> + <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> + + <varlistentry id="halt"> + <term><command>halt</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the + <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0, + then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the + file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being + brought down</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit halt"> + <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="init"> + <term><command>init</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized + the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all the + proceses it is instructed to</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit init"> + <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="killall5"> + <term><command>killall5</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Sends a signal to all processes, except the processes in its own + session so it will not kill the shell running the script that called + it</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit killall5"> + <primary sortas="b-killall5">killall5</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="last"> + <term><command>last</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back + through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows + system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit last"> + <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="lastb"> + <term><command>lastb</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in + <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit lastb"> + <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mesg"> + <term><command>mesg</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current + user's terminal</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mesg"> + <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mountpoint"> + <term><command>mountpoint</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit mountpoint"> + <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pidof"> + <term><command>pidof</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the PIDs of the given programs</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit pidof"> + <primary sortas="b-pidof">pidof</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="poweroff"> + <term><command>poweroff</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer + (see <command>halt</command>)</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit poweroff"> + <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="reboot"> + <term><command>reboot</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see + <command>halt</command>)</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit reboot"> + <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="runlevel"> + <term><command>runlevel</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the + last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit runlevel"> + <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="shutdown"> + <term><command>shutdown</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes + and notifying all logged-in users</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit shutdown"> + <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sulogin"> + <term><command>sulogin</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in; + it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes + into single user mode</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit sulogin"> + <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="telinit"> + <term><command>telinit</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit telinit"> + <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="utmpdump"> + <term><command>utmpdump</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more + user-friendly format</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit utmpdump"> + <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="wall"> + <term><command>wall</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Writes a message to all logged-in users</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-sysvinit wall"> + <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + </sect2> +</sect1> |