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diff --git a/chapter08/coreutils.xml b/chapter08/coreutils.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a4079d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/chapter08/coreutils.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ + <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent"> + %general-entities; +]> + +<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap"> + <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?> + + <sect1info condition="script"> + <productname>coreutils</productname> + <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber> + <address>&coreutils-url;</address> + </sect1info> + + <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title> + + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"> + <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary> + </indexterm> + + <sect2 role="package"> + <title/> + + <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the + basic system characteristics.</para> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle> + <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg> + <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 role="installation"> + <title>Installation of Coreutils</title> + + <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character + boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes + this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen> + + <note> + <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new + bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible + without this patch.</para> + </note> + + <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of + coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been + picked up in this package --> + <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen> + + <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv +FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \ + --prefix=/usr \ + --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen> + + <variablelist> + <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>autoreconf</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>This command updates generated configuration files + consistent with the latest version of automake. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term> + <listitem> + <para>This environment variable allows the package to be + built as the root user. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term> + <listitem> + <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from + installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + + <para>Compile the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen> + + <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the + package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para> + + <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are + meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen> + + <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the + <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests, + however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that + these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the + user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" >> /etc/group</userinput></screen> + + <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and + run the tests:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen> + + <para>Now run the tests:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen> +<!-- + <para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a + partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but + passes if run at the end of this chapter. The test program tty.sh is + also known to fail.</para> +--> + + <para>Remove the temporary group:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen> + <para>Install the package:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen> + + <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin +mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin +mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 +sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen> + + <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package + depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>, + <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename + class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and + late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to + maintain FHS compliance:</para> + +<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen> + + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content"> + <title>Contents of Coreutils</title> + + <segmentedlist> + <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle> + <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle> + <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle> + + <seglistitem> + <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, + chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, + dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, + head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, + mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, + pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, + rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, + sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, + sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, + tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and + yes</seg> + <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg> + <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg> + </seglistitem> + </segmentedlist> + + <variablelist> + <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead> + <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> + <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?> + + <varlistentry id="base32"> + <term><command>base32</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification + (RFC 4648)</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64"> + <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="base64"> + <term><command>base64</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification + (RFC 4648)</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64"> + <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="b2sum"> + <term><command>b2sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum"> + <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="basename"> + <term><command>basename</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"> + <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="basenc"> + <term><command>basenc</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc"> + <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="cat"> + <term><command>cat</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"> + <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chcon"> + <term><command>chcon</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon"> + <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chgrp"> + <term><command>chgrp</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"> + <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chmod"> + <term><command>chmod</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode + can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an + octal number representing the new permissions</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"> + <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chown"> + <term><command>chown</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and + directories</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"> + <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="chroot"> + <term><command>chroot</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the + <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"> + <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="cksum"> + <term><command>cksum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte + counts of each specified file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"> + <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="comm"> + <term><command>comm</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines + that are unique and the lines that are common</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"> + <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="cp"> + <term><command>cp</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Copies files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"> + <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="csplit"> + <term><command>csplit</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them + according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte + count of each new file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"> + <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="cut"> + <term><command>cut</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given + fields or positions</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"> + <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="date"> + <term><command>date</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the + system date</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"> + <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="dd"> + <term><command>dd</command> </term> + <listitem> + <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while + optionally performing conversions on it</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"> + <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="df"> + <term><command>df</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all + mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected + files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"> + <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="dir"> + <term><command>dir</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as + the <command>ls</command> command)</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"> + <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="dircolors"> + <term><command>dircolors</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar> + environment variable to change the color scheme used by + <command>ls</command></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"> + <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="dirname"> + <term><command>dirname</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"> + <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="du"> + <term><command>du</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory, + by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by + each of the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"> + <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="echo"> + <term><command>echo</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Displays the given strings</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"> + <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="env"> + <term><command>env</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"> + <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="expand"> + <term><command>expand</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"> + <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="expr"> + <term><command>expr</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Evaluates expressions</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"> + <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="factor"> + <term><command>factor</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"> + <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="false"> + <term><command>false</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code + indicating failure</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"> + <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="fmt"> + <term><command>fmt</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt"> + <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="fold"> + <term><command>fold</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"> + <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="groups"> + <term><command>groups</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups"> + <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="head"> + <term><command>head</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) + of each given file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"> + <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="hostid"> + <term><command>hostid</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"> + <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="id"> + <term><command>id</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships + of the current user or specified user</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"> + <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="install"> + <term><command>install</command> </term> + <listitem> + <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if + possible, their owner and group</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"> + <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="join"> + <term><command>join</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two + separate files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"> + <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="link"> + <term><command>link</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"> + <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="ln"> + <term><command>ln</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"> + <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="logname"> + <term><command>logname</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the current user's login name</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"> + <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="ls"> + <term><command>ls</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"> + <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="md5sum"> + <term><command>md5sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"> + <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mkdir"> + <term><command>mkdir</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates directories with the given names</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"> + <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mkfifo"> + <term><command>mkfifo</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named + pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"> + <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mknod"> + <term><command>mknod</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a + character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"> + <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mktemp"> + <term><command>mktemp</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp"> + <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="mv"> + <term><command>mv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"> + <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="nice"> + <term><command>nice</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"> + <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="nl"> + <term><command>nl</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"> + <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="nohup"> + <term><command>nohup</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to + a log file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"> + <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="nproc"> + <term><command>nproc</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a + process</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc"> + <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="numfmt"> + <term><command>numfmt</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt"> + <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="od"> + <term><command>od</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"> + <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="paste"> + <term><command>paste</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines + side by side, separated by tab characters</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"> + <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pathchk"> + <term><command>pathchk</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"> + <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pinky"> + <term><command>pinky</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information + about the given users</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"> + <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pr"> + <term><command>pr</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"> + <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="printenv"> + <term><command>printenv</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the environment</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"> + <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="printf"> + <term><command>printf</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much + like the C printf function</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"> + <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="ptx"> + <term><command>ptx</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files, + with each keyword in its context</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"> + <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="pwd"> + <term><command>pwd</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"> + <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="readlink"> + <term><command>readlink</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"> + <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="realpath"> + <term><command>realpath</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the resolved path</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath"> + <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="rm"> + <term><command>rm</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Removes files or directories</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"> + <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="rmdir"> + <term><command>rmdir</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"> + <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="runcon"> + <term><command>runcon</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon"> + <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="seq"> + <term><command>seq</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a + given increment</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"> + <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sha1sum"> + <term><command>sha1sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) + checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sha224sum"> + <term><command>sha224sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sha256sum"> + <term><command>sha256sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sha384sum"> + <term><command>sha384sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sha512sum"> + <term><command>sha512sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="shred"> + <term><command>shred</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns, + making it difficult to recover the data</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"> + <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="shuf"> + <term><command>shuf</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shuffles lines of text</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf"> + <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sleep"> + <term><command>sleep</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"> + <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sort"> + <term><command>sort</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"> + <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="split"> + <term><command>split</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of + lines</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"> + <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="stat"> + <term><command>stat</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat"> + <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="stdbuf"> + <term><command>stdbuf</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard + streams</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf"> + <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="stty"> + <term><command>stty</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"> + <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sum"> + <term><command>sum</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"> + <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="sync"> + <term><command>sync</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk + and updates the super block</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"> + <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tac"> + <term><command>tac</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"> + <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tail"> + <term><command>tail</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each + given file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"> + <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tee"> + <term><command>tee</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output + and to the given files</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"> + <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="test"> + <term><command>test</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Compares values and checks file types</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"> + <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="timeout"> + <term><command>timeout</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout"> + <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="touch"> + <term><command>touch</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification + times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist + are created with zero length</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"> + <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tr"> + <term><command>tr</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from + standard input</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"> + <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="true"> + <term><command>true</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code + indicating success</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"> + <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="truncate"> + <term><command>truncate</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate"> + <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tsort"> + <term><command>tsort</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list + according to the partial ordering in a given file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"> + <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="tty"> + <term><command>tty</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard + input</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"> + <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="uname"> + <term><command>uname</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports system information</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"> + <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="unexpand"> + <term><command>unexpand</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"> + <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="uniq"> + <term><command>uniq</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"> + <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="unlink"> + <term><command>unlink</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Removes the given file</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"> + <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="users"> + <term><command>users</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"> + <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="vdir"> + <term><command>vdir</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"> + <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="wc"> + <term><command>wc</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given + file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"> + <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="who"> + <term><command>who</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports who is logged on</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"> + <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="whoami"> + <term><command>whoami</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective + user ID</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"> + <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="yes"> + <term><command>yes</command></term> + <listitem> + <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until + killed</para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"> + <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry id="libstdbuf"> + <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term> + <listitem> + <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para> + <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf"> + <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary> + </indexterm> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + </sect2> + +</sect1> |