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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
%general-entities;
]>
<sect1 id="ch-tools-addinguser">
<title>Adding the LFS User</title>
<?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?>
<para>When logged in as user <emphasis>root</emphasis>, making a single mistake
can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, we recommend building the packages in
this chapter as an unprivileged user. You could use your own user name, but to
make it easier to set up a clean working environment, create a new user called
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> as a member of a new group (also named
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis>) and use this user during the installation process. As
<emphasis>root</emphasis>, issue the following commands to add the new
user:</para>
<screen><userinput>groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen>
<para>The meaning of the command line options:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>This makes
<command>bash</command> the default shell for user
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>This option adds user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> to group
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>-m</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>This creates a home
directory for <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>This parameter
prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton directory (default
is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>) by changing the input location to
the special null device.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>lfs</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>This is the actual name for the created group and
user.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>To log in as <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> (as opposed to switching
to user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> when
logged in as <emphasis>root</emphasis>, which does not require the
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> user to have a
password), give <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> a password:</para>
<screen><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen>
<para>Grant <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> full access to
<filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making
<emphasis>lfs</emphasis> the directory owner:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
<para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis> ownership of this directory:</para>
<screen><userinput>chown lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
<para>Next, login as user <emphasis>lfs</emphasis>. This can be done
via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with the
following substitute user command:</para>
<screen><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen>
<para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs
<command>su</command> to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell.
The difference between these two types of shells can be found in detail in the
<command>man</command> and <command>info</command> pages for Bash.</para>
</sect1>
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